23. What is the meaning of “resilient” in the passage?
(A) Easily discouraged.
(B) Quick to give up.
(C) Lacking enthusiasm for learning.
(D) Able to bounce back from setbacks.

24. Which of the following ideas is not highlighted as a consequence of lacking motivation in the passage? (A) Disengagement from studies and tasks. (B) Development of apathy towards academic endeavors. (C) Underachievement and struggles with coursework. (D) Increased academic achievement and performance.

25. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds (B) The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language (C) How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development (D) The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice

26. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections? (A) To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions (B) To illustrate that a six-week-old baby can already distinguish some language differences (C) To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies (D) To give a reason for babies' difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another

27. The passage mentions all of the following as ways adults modify their speech when talking to babies except (A) giving all words equal emphasis (B) speaking with shorter sentences (C) speaking more loudly than normal (D) using meaningless sounds

28. Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 3? (A) Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language. (B) Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways. (C) Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language. (D) The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.

29. What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language? (A) Babies begin to understand words in songs. (B) Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions. (C) Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults. (D) Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.

30. According to the author, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them? (A) They understand the rhythm. (B) They enjoy the sound. (C) They can remember them easily. (D) They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.

31. What is the primary goal of communicative language teaching (CLT)? (A) To enhance the grammatical accuracy of students. (B) To prioritize reading comprehension by using phonics instruction. (C) To focus primarily on both vocabulary acquisition and sentence patterns. (D) To facilitate the ability of students to communicate effectively in the target language.

32. What principle underlies the task-based learning (TBL) approach in language teaching? (A) Language learning should be structured around the translation of texts. (B) Learning should occur through the use of language in real-life tasks. (C) Memorization of vocabulary lists is essential for language acquisition. (D) Students should learn language through passive observation.

33. Which of the following involves studying what people do with language, such as requesting, promising, apologizing, or giving orders? (A) speech acts (B) implicature (C) presuppositions (D) deixis

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