28. Energy left after plant use for herbivores is called:
(A) Biogeochemical cycle
(B) Ecological pyramid
(C) Net primary productivity
(D) Standing crop

28. Energy left after plant use for herbivores is called: (A) Biogeochemical cycle (B) Ecological pyramid (C) Net primary productivity (D) Standing crop

29. Total plant biomass in an ecosystem at a time is: (A) Biomass (B) Carrying capacity (C) Maximal sustainable yield (D) Standing crop

30. In summer, temperate lakes develop: (A) Eutrophication (B) Hydrothermal vent (C) Overturn (D) Thermocline

31. Which of the following is true about El Niño? (A) The Southern Oscillation Index is low (B) It occurs during the summer typhoon season (C) Heavy rainfall hits the western Pacific coasts (D) Sea surface temperatures decrease (E) Fishery yields rise in the eastern Pacific

32. Which is not a K-selected trait? (A) Parental care (B) One-time reproduction (C) Long maturation (D) Large offspring size

33. What is it called when plants begin colonizing barren land and form a community? (A) Primary succession (B) Secondary succession (C) Tertiary community (D) Climax community

複選題34. Prop roots are the modified aerial adventitious roots of corn that. (A) enable the root system to obtain oxygen (B) enable the root system to anchor (C) wrap around other plants to support tall, top-heavy plants (D) support tall, top-heavy plants

複選題35. Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants? (A) They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. (B) They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. (C) They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. (D) They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption.

36. Which of the following is a major trend in land plant evolution? (A) the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle (B) the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle (C) the trend toward larger gametophytes (D) the trend toward smaller size

37. Which of the following frequently imposes a limit on cell size? (A) the number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm (B) the volume of the endomembrane system (C) ratios of surface area to volume (D) the absence of a nucleus

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