33. Which of the flowers diagramed below is most likely to be self-compatible? (Diagram not provided)
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D

34. Which elements are most often the limiting nutrients for plant growth? (A) nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen (B) carbon, sodium, chlorine (C) nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus (D) carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

35. The feeding relationships among the species in a community determine the community's (A) ecological niche (B) secondary succession (C) trophic structure (D) species richness

36. Using the symbols +, -, and 0 to indicate interspecific species interactions, where the first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned, what interactions exist between mycorrhizae and evergreen tree roots? (A) +/- (B) 0/0 (C) +/0 (D) +/+

37. Which of the following causes populations to shift most quickly from an exponential to a logistic population growth model? (A) removal of predators (B) decreased death rate (C) competition for resources (D) favorable climatic conditions

38. Which of the following features permits a gene to act as a molecular clock? (A) a reliable average rate of mutation (B) a large number of base pairs (C) a recent origin by a gene-duplication event (D) being acted upon by natural selection

39. Your professor wants you to construct a phylogenetic tree of a type of plant called orchids. She gives you tissue from seven orchid species and one lily plant. What is the most likely reason she gave you the lily? (A) to see if the lily is an ancient orchid species (B) to demonstrate likely genetic similarities (C) to see if the lily and the orchids show all the same shared derived characters (D) to serve as an outgroup

40. No two people are genetically identical, except for identical twins. The main source of genetic variation among humans is _____ (A) genetic drift (B) environmental effects (C) new mutations that occurred in the preceding generation (D) the reshuffling of alleles in sexual reproduction

1. Which of the following best describes the process of endocytosis? (A) The movement of large particles from inside the cell to the extracellular space. (B) The formation of a vesicle by the Golgi to transport proteins. (C) The uptake of extracellular material into the cell via vesicles. (D) The fusion of vesicles with lysosomes to degrade waste. (E) The release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles.

2. Which of the following is the key function of the trans-Golgi network (TGN)? (A) Protein synthesis (B) Protein folding (C) Sorting and sending proteins to their final destinations (e.g., lysosomes, plasma membrane) (D) Degradation of misfolded proteins (E) Detoxification of cellular waste

3. Which enzyme is responsible for sealing the nick in the sugar-phosphate backbone after a damaged nucleotide is removed and replaced? (A) DNA helicase (B) DNA polymerase (C) DNA topoisomerase (D) DNA primase (E) DNA ligase

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