36. (A) reprimanded (B) congested (C) depreciated (D) approved

44. Why does the author include detailed figures about the size and employment impact of the British food and beverage industry? (A) To argue that economic growth should take priority over public health concerns (B) To explain why the food industry resists changes to its production practices (C) To demonstrate that the food industry is more influential than the government (D) To highlight the structural and political challenges involved in reforming the food system Passage B: Questions 45-47 (Adapted from "Japan PM Joins Fight for More Female Toilets in Parliament" by Kelly Ng, BBC) Japan's Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi is among some 60 female lawmakers petitioning for more women's toilets in the parliament building to match their growing representation in the legislature. A record 73 women were elected into the 465-seat Lower House in October 2024, exceeding the previous high of 54 in 2009. One opposition lawmaker, Yasuko Komiyama, said there were often "long queues in front of the restroom... before plenary sessions start." There is one female toilet with two cubicles near the plenary chamber, though the entire building itself has nine female toilets with 22 cubicles. On the contrary, there are a total of 12 men's toilets with 67 stalls and urinals across the building. The current situation is "often inconvenient" because female staff and visitors also share the toilets, said Ms. Komiyama from the opposition Constitutional Democratic Party. "I want to raise my voice and prepare myself for the day when women hold more than 30% of [parliamentary seats] in the future," she wrote in a post on Facebook. Japan's parliament building was built in 1936, a decade before women were given the right to vote in 1945. The first women were appointed to parliament in 1946. "If the administration is serious about promoting women's empowerment, I believe we can count on their understanding and cooperation," Komiyama said. Chair of the Lower House committee Yasukazu Hamada has "expressed a willingness" to consider the proposal for more women's toilets. The Japanese government earlier set a target of having 30% of leadership roles across all sectors of society held by women by 2020, but at the end of that year the timeframe was quietly pushed back by a decade. Women currently hold nearly 16% of the seats in the Lower House and about a third—or 42 out of 125 seats—in the Upper House. Takaichi, who became Japan's first female leader in October 2025, had pledged to raise female representation in her cabinet to levels comparable to Nordic countries, which hold the top spots in terms of female leadership. But she has appointed just two other women to her 19-member cabinet. In Japan, the dearth of women's restrooms extends beyond the legislative chamber. Long lines in front of women's public restrooms are a common sight nationwide. Former Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba had said his government would look into "enhancing women's restroom facilities" to make Japan a society where "women can live their lives with peace of mind."

36.
(A) reprimanded

(B) congested

(C) depreciated

(D) approved

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