39. In prokaryotic translation initiation, start codon forms base pairs with which molecule :
(A)16S rRNA.
(B)Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
(C)IF-2-GTP.
(D)fMet-tRNA Met
(E)23S rRNA.

40. For targeting proteins to endomembrane system, signal sequences are recognized by: (A)Proteasome. (B)Importin. (C)Ribosome. (D)Ion channels. (E)SRP.

41. What kind of mutation at protein-coding regions of genome can cause a frame shift in translation: (A)A single nucleotide insertion. (B)A nonsense mutation. (C)A missense mutation. (D)A silent mutation. (E)Initiation failure.

42. Which molecule can promote translocation in translation elongation? (A)EF-Ts. (B)NES. (C)EF-G. (D)EF-Tu. (E)eIF-4.

43. The amino acid glycine is known as an α-helix breaker. Thus, a glycine-rich sequence should NOT form an α-helix, why? (A)Glycine cannot form the typical i→ i+4 hydrogen bond. (B)The side-chain of glycine is too large. (C)Glycine is structurally the most flexible amino acid. (D)The side-chain of glycine is negatively charged. (E)Glycine is too hydrophobic

44. Enzymes increase reaction rates by.... (A)binding tightly to substrate (B)increasing the ΔG° of a reaction (C)decreasing the ΔG° of a reaction (D)increasing the activation energy of a reaction (E)decreasing the activation energy of a reaction

45. Which statement regarding protein structure is NOT correct? (A)The tertiary structure of a protein is specified by its primary structure. (B)The tertiary structures of most proteins are heat-resistant. (C)The formation of protein tertiary structure can be assisted by chaperones. (D)The majority of protein tertiary structures are stabilized by non-covalent interactions. (E)An α-helix may undergo conformational change to become a β-sheet.

46. Lyases are enzymes capable of catalyzing.... (A)breakage of chemical bonds (B)hydrolysis of chemical bonds (C)phosphorylation reaction (D)the conversion of ATP into ADP (E)isomerization of chemical bonds

47. Which enzyme is involved in cis Golgi oligosaccharides processing (A)N-acetyl glucosaminyltransferase I (B)N-acetyl glucosaminyltransferase II (C)Golgi apparatus alpha mannosidase (D)Oligosaccharide:protein transferase (E)Fucosyltransferase

48. Which integrin can bind to I-CAM involved in leukocyte trans endothelial cell layer during the inflammation. (A)αLβ2 (B)α2β1 (C)α3β1 (D)α5β1 (E)ανβ3

49. The following glycosaminoglycans which one is without protein core (A)Heparan sulfate (B)Dermatan sulfate (C)Heparin (D)Chondroitin sulfate (E)Keratan sulfate

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