39. Which of the following is common to the development of birds and mammals?
(A) The formation of an embryonic epiblast and hypoblast
(B) The formation of an embryonic trophoblast
(C) The formation of an embryonic yolk plug
(D) The formation of an embryonic gray crescent

40. A researcher applies a drug that prevents neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic terminal without affecting action potential propagation. Which change would most likely be observed in the postsynaptic cell? (A) Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels would remain closed. (B) Ligand-gated ion channels would fail to open. (C) Resting membrane potential would become more positive. (D) Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels would remain permanently inactivated.

1. Which of the following pairs of compounds can be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions? (A) NH₄ and NH₄Cl (B) ZnO₂ and ZnCl₂ (C) H₂O and HCl (D) NO and NO₂ (E) CH₄ and CO₂

2. How many of the following is/are incorrect?i. The importance of the equation E=mc² is that energy has mass.ii. Electromagnetic radiation can be thought of as a stream of particles called photons.iii. Electromagnetic radiation exhibits wave properties.iv. Energy can only occur in discrete units called quanta.(A) 0(B) 1(C) 2(D) 3(E) 4

3. Which of the following atoms or ions has three unpaired electrons? (A) N (B) O (C) Al (D) S²⁻ (E) Ti²⁺

4. Choose the compound with the most ionic bond. (A) LiCl (B) KF (C) NaCl (D) LiF (E) KCl

5. Which of the following pairs is incorrect? (A) NH₄Br ammonium bromide (B) K₂CO₃, potassium carbonate (C) BaPO₄, barium phosphate (D) CuCl, copper(I) chloride (E) MnO₂, manganese(IV) oxide

6. How many of the following molecules have all of their atoms in the same plane? H₂C=CH₂ OF₂ H₂CO NH₃ CO₂ BeCl₂ (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7

7. How many of the following: F₂, B₂, O₂, N₂, are paramagnetic? (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

8. A fuel-air mixture is placed in a cylinder fitted with a piston. The original volume is 0.320-L. When the mixture is ignited, gases are produced and 805 J of energy is released. To what volume will the gases expand against a constant pressure of 635 mmHg, if all the energy released is converted to work to push the piston? (A) 9.19 L (B) 6.96 L (C) 9.83 L (D) 9.51 L (E) 1.59 L

9. Consider the following processes:2A → (1/2)B + C                      ΔH₁ = 5 kJ/mol(3/2)B + 4C → 2A + C + 3D    ΔH₂ = -15 kJ/molE + 4A → C                              ΔH₃ = 10 kJ/molCalculate ΔH for: C → E + 3D(A) 0 kJ/mol(B) 10 kJ/mol(C) -10 kJ/mol(D) -20 kJ/mol(E) 20 kJ/mol

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