45. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
(A) The world has made considerable progress in reducing poverty and improving health care up until the current pandemic.
(B) The Foundation’s Goalkeepers Report follows the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
(C) The Goalkeepers Report is prepared and published by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
(D) Two billion people would die if new vaccines for the coronavirus are not developed soon. The majority of commercial facial-recognition systems exhibit bias according to a report released from a federal agency. The systems falsely identified African American and Asian faces 10 times to 100 times more than Caucasian faces. Among a database of photos used by law enforcement agencies in the United States, the highest error rates came in identifying Native Americans according to a reliable report. The technology also had more difficulty identifying women than men. And it falsely identified older adults up to 10 times more than middle-aged adults. The report comes at a time of mounting concern from lawmakers and civil rights groups over the proliferation of facial recognition. Proponents view it as an important tool for catching and tracking terrorists. Tech companies market it as a convenience that can be used to help identify people in photos or in lieu of a password to unlock smartphones. Civil liberties experts, however, warn that the technology has the potential to lead to ubiquitous surveillance, chilling freedom of movement and speech. Last year, San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley in California and the Massachusetts communities of Somerville and Brookline banned government use of the technology. “One false match can lead to missed flights, lengthy interrogations, watch list placements, tense police encounters, false arrests or worse,” Jay Stanley, a policy analyst at the American Civil Liberties Union, said in a statement. “Government agencies including the FBI, Customs and Border Protection and local law enforcement must immediately halt the deployment of this dystopian technology.” The federal report is one of the largest studies of its kind. The researchers had access to more than 18 million photos of about 8.5 million people from American mugshots, visa applications and border-crossing databases. The federal report confirms earlier studies from MIT that reported that facial-recognition systems from some large tech companies had much lower accuracy rates in identifying the female and darker-skinned faces than the white male faces.