48. The structure above is:
(A) UTP
(B) dATP
(C) GTP
(D)dCTP
(E)All are wrong

49. Which one of the following subunits is NOT contained in the basic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the bacterium Escherichia coll? (A) αsubunit (B) β subunit (C)ω subunit (D)σsubunit (E) None of them

複選題50. Which one of the following statements as to TATA box is RIGHT? (A) A six-nucleotide-pair A+T-rich sequence about 35 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start site in bacterial promotcrs (B) It is usually iocated 10-15 bp upstream from the transcription start site in mammalian genes (C) The human TATA box is bound by the 34 kDa TATA-binding protein, a subunit in TFIID (D) All eukaryotic mRNA-encoding genes possess a consensus TATA box (E)All are right

1. Pregnant w women often use a antidepressants, despite Iimited available information regarding individual antidepressants and specific birth defect risks. Which one had the greatest proportion of elevated birth defect risks? (A) Venlafaxine (B) Escitalopram (C) Fluoxetine (D) Paroxetine

2. After kidney transplant, which of the following imm nunosuppressive therapies should be avoided during pregnancy and discontinued at least 6 weeks before pregnancy? (A) Azathioprine (B) Mycophenolate mofetil (C) Cyclosporine (D) Sirolimus

3. You are a member of the healthcare team seeing a 74-year-old woman with a number of medical conditions and a medication list including 14 drugs. She complains of dizziness. Which of the following drugs is considered to have strong anticholinergic effects? (A) Oxybutynin (B)citalopram (C) loratadine (D) loperamide

4. You are a member of the health care team for a 57-year-old womnan in whom hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is being considered for postmenopausal symptoms. Which one of the following statements is correct? (A) Long-term systemic HRT use is linked to increased breast cancer risks. These risks could be eliminated completely afier HRT discontinuation. (B) Risk varied among HRT types, with higher risks for combination estrogen-progestogen treatments and longer duration of usc. (C) Adjustment for personal characteristics, smoking, alcohol intake, comorbidities, family history, and other prescribed drugs abolished the observed associations. (D) Increased risk for combined progestogens was highest for dydrogesterone and lowest for norethisterone

5. You are a member of the healthcare team sccing a 70-ycar-old man with newly-diagnosed AF. The patient is worried about his risk of bleeding with an nticoagulation, and he asks for a dose of the new oral anticoagulants(NOACs) less than the recommended dose. Which of the following g outcomes was associated with underdosing of NOACs vs standard dosing? (A) Higher risk for stroke or systemic embolism (B) Higher risk for mortality (C) No difference in the risk of major bleeding (D) Lower risk for CV events

6. Which treatment strategy does the "2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout" recommend for patients taking urate-lowering therapy (ULT) for their gout? (A) Treat-to-target with a target of serum uric acid (UA) level < 8 mg/dL (B) Treat-to-target with a target of serum UA level < 6 mg/dL (C) Treat with a fixed standard-dose ULT strategy for up to 12 months (D) Treat with a fixed standard-dose ULT strategy for up to 6 months

7. Tom is a 53-year-old man who recently prese ented with painful subcutancous tophi on his left first metatarsophalangeal joint and his right wrist. The patient had previously been diagnosed with acute gouty arthritis appr proximately 2 years ago but had not experienced an acute attack since his original diagnosis. He reports that he had experienced similar symptoms with his last flare, which lasted 4 to 5 days, and was treated in urgent care. He is currently taking prednisone to treat his gout tlare. Tom was also diagnosed with stage 3 chronic kidney discase 2 ycars ago. According to the 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for gout management, which of the following treatments is best for Tom? (A) Start low-dose allopurinol (B) Start probenecid (C) Start high-dose allopurinol (D) Start pegloticase

8. Which of the following best describes the response rate for monotherapy with programmed cell death protein 1 /programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors? (A) It varies by tumor type, but is never more than 10% (B) It varies by tumor type, but is usually around 10% to 25% (C) It varies by tumor type, but is usually around 40% to 50% (D) It is typically around 50% to 60%

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