48. Which glycosaminoglycan is free of protein core
(A) Chondroitin sulfate
(B) Dermatan sulfate
(C) Hyaluronic acid
(D) Heparan sulfate
(E) Keratin sulfate

49. Integrin can bind to which peptide below? (A) AKAEKAA (B) AKGEAAA (C) AKADGAA (D) ARGDSAA (E) ARGESAA

50. Mitosis and meiosis accomplish segregation of the replicated DNA to two or more daughter cells. Which of the following is characteristic of both mitosis and meiosis? (A) correct centrosomal duplication is required (B) The resulting cells are diploid (2n). (C) The resulting cells are haploid (1n). (D) Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes at their kinetochores. Chiasmata form between chromosome arms. (E) All of above are not correct

1. What functional groups are present on this molecule? (A) Hydroxyl and ketone (B) Hydroxyl and aldehyde (C) Hydroxyl and carboxylic acid (D) Hydroxyl and ester (E) Ether and aldehyde

2. The PCR reaction mixture does not include: (A) all four deoxyribonucleotides triphosphates. (B) DNA containing the sequence to be amplified. (C) DNA ligase. (D) heat-stable DNA polymerase. (E) oligonucleotide primer(s).

3. Ubiquitin is a: (A) component of the electron transport system. (B) protease. (C) protein kinase. (D) protein phosphorylase. (E) protein that tags another protein for proteolysis.

4. Gene silencing by RNA interference acts by _____ of the target gene. (A) inhibiting transcription (B) inhibiting translation (C) inhibiting splicing (D) degradation of the mRNA (E) inhibiting polyadenylyation

5. All of the following are considered "weak" interactions in proteins, except: (A) hydrogen bonds. (B) hydrophobic interactions. (C) ionic bonds. (D) peptide bonds. (E) van der Waals forces.

6. A good transition-state analog: (A) binds covalently to the enzyme. (B) binds to the enzyme more tightly than the substrate. (C) binds very weakly to the enzyme. (D) is too unstable to isolate. (E) must be almost identical to the substrate.

7. The biological role of restriction enzymes is to: (A) aid recombinant DNA research. (B) degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium. (C) make bacteria resistant to antibiotics. (D) restrict the damage to DNA by ultraviolet light. (E) restrict the size of DNA in certain bacteria.

8. Current estimates indicate that humans have about _____ genes. (A) 3,000 (B) 10,000 (C) 30,000 (D) 100,000 (E) 300,000

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