6. For a light microscope, a 60x objective and a 10x ocular produce a total magnification of
(A) 900x
(B) 750x
(C) 600x
(D) 70x
(E) 50x

7. Which of the following is true about the uptake of nutrients in microbes? (A) Group translocation is found in Eukarya. (B) Endocytosis is found in Bacteria. (C) Facilitated diffusion needs ATP hydrolysis to provide energy. (D) ATP-binding cassette transporters are primary active transporters which use energy from proton motive force to drive transport. (E) Secondary active transporters are cotransporters which use ion gradients to cotransport substances.

8.Which of the following is not correct about bacteria? (A) Mycoplasmas lack a cell wall. (B) The nucleoid in bacteria contains chromosome and histones. (C) Most of the membranes in bacteria lack cholesterol. (D) The size of a bacterial ribosome is 708. (E) Some bacteria contain intracytoplasmic membranes to provide a larger membrane surface for greater metabolic activity.

9. Which of the following is true of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)? (A) The core polysaccharide part of LPS contributes to negative charge on cell surface. (B) The O antigen is the most conserved (constant) part of LPS. (C) It is found in the plasma membrane of gram-negative bacteria. (D) It is found in the outer membrane of gram-positive bacteria. (E) The lipid A part of LPS can act as an exotoxin.

10. Moist heat sterilization at 100℃ kills all of the following EXCEPT ________.(A) bacterial endospores (B) fungal spores (C) viruses (D) protozoa (E) slime molds

11. Development of drug resistance is encouraged by________. (A) use of a high enough concentration of the drug to destroy any spontaneous resistant mutants that might arise (B) use of two drugs simultaneously with the hope that each will prevent the emergence of resistance to the other (C) avoidance of indiscriminate(不加區別的) use of drugs (D) widespread use of broad-spectrum drugs (E) using drugs appropriate for the infectious agent being treated

12. All of the following statements are true except: (A) Col plasmids encode colicin which kills strains of E. coli. (B) Plasmids which carry genes encoding degradative enzymes for pesticides are called metabolic plasmids. (C) All bacteriocin genes are on plasmids. (D) R factors have genes for resistance to antibiotics and these resistance genes are often within transposons. (E) F factor of E.coli is both a conjugative plasmid and an episome.

複選題13. If you forgot to heat fix a smear before doing a Gram stain, which of the following might occur? (A) The stains would not adhere to the bacteria. (B) The smear may not adhere to the slide. (C) The decolorization step of the Gram stain would not work properly. (D) Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria would both stain purple. (E) Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria would both stain red.

14. SARS-CoV-2 causes by (A) Herpesvirus (B) Adenovirus (C) Coronavirus (D) Rotavirus (E) Retrovirus

15. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is not a (A) membrane protein (B) SARS-CoV-2 receptor (C) vasodilator (D) Virus (E) target for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug

16. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 is not a (A) non-structural protein (B) structural protein (C) enzyme (D) viral protein (E) target for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug

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