8. At normal growth temperature (37°C), how long does it take for complete replication of the
(E) coli chromosome?
(A) 20 minutes
(B) 40 minutes
(C) 60 minutes
(D) 90 minutes

9. Transfer of the F factor from one bacterial cell to another occurs as: (A) Single-stranded DNA generated by rolling circle replication in the donor cell. (B) Single-stranded DNA generated by unidirectional replication in the donor cell. (C) Double-stranded DNA generated by rolling circle replication in the donor cell. (D) Double-stranded DNA generated by unidirectional replication in the donor cell.

10. In September 2016, a baby was born with the DNA of two women (the mother and a donor) and a man (the father). The baby was conceived through the technique of so called "three-parent in vitro fertilization". Which of the following statement is correct: (A) The three parents provided DNA from nucleus, peroxisome and mitochondrion, respectively. (B) The nucleus was removed from the egg cell of a donor and the de-nucleated egg cell was then injected with the nuclear DNA from the mother's egg cell. (C) The technique was used because the mother has a genetic disease due to a mutation in the nuclear DNA. (D) The sperm provided the mitochondrial DNA.

11. What two proteins are required for unwinding duplex DNA and stabilizing the resulting single strands? (A) DNA primase and helicase (B) DNA primase and replicase (C) Replicase and single-stranded DNA binding protein (D) Helicase and single-stranded DNA binding protein

12. The (E) coli chromosome replicates bidirectionally, this means there: (A) are two replication origins on the bacterial chromosome. (B) are two daughter duplexes formed after replication of the DNA. (C) are two replication forks established that move in opposite directions. (D) is replication of both a leading strand and a lagging strand.

13. An (E) coli mutation that greatly reduces the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase I would result in: (A) cell death (B) very little or no effect on cell viability (C) a significantly decreased mutation rate (D) a significantly increased mutation rate

14. What type of DNA structure is needed for initiation of homologous DNA recombination? (A) broken, blunt-ended DNA (B) a free 5' single-stranded region (C) a free 3' single-stranded region (D) any of the above

15. The photoreactivation repair system in (E) coli acts specifically on: (A) pyrimidine dimers (B) double-strand breaks (C) abasic sites (D) mispaired DNA sites.

16. Homologous recombination between two identical direct repeat elements present in a genome results in: (A) a duplication of the DNA between the repeats (B) an inversion of the DNA between the elements (C) deletion and circularization of the DNA between the repeats (D) none of the above

17. Genetic recombination during meiosis is initiated by a (A) pair of single-stranded nicks at identical sites, one within each parental duplex. (B) single-stranded nick in only one of the two parental duplexes. (C) pair of single-stranded nicks at different sites, one within each parental duplex. (D) double-stranded break in only one of the two parental duplexes.

18. Considering the polymerase chain reaction, what kind of bonds holds the primer to the template DNA? (A) covalent (B) ionic (C) Van der Waals (D) hydrogen (E) hydrophobic

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