9. Hydrolysis of a peptide bond produces:
(A) an alcohol and an amine
(B) an amine and a carboxylic acid
(C) a carboxylic acid and an anhydride
(D) an amide and a carboxylic acid
(E) an alcohol and an amide

10. The peptide hormone insulin is composed of two peptide held together primarily by what mechanism? (A) disulfide bonds between cysteine residues (B) charge-charge interactions between acidic and basic amino acids (C) extensive hydrogen bonding due to the relatively high serine and glutamine content (D) hydrophobic interactions (E) an amide bond formed from the R-groups of a glutamic acid residue and a lysine residue

11. By the end of last year, 76 antibodies (name with~mab) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of human diseases. What is the molecular weight range of these antibodies (most of them if not all)? (A) 5 kDa to 9 kDa (B) 10 kDa to 30 kDa (C) 40 kDa to 80 kDa (D) 90 kDa to 120 kDa (E) 130 kDa to 180 kDa

12. Thromboxane is a vasoconstrictor and a potent hypertensive agent, and it facilitates platelet aggregation. Which of the following compounds is the substrate of cyclooxygenase for thromboxane production? (A) oleic acid (B) linoleic acid (C) palmitoleic acid (D) arachidonic acid (E) phosphatidylinositol

13. After binding to the activating ligand, cholecalciferol receptor performs an impressive array of functions. Which of the following events   is not   associated with cholecalciferol receptor activation? (A) The receptors are in the nucleus. (B) The receptors will be tyrosine-phosphorylated. (C) The receptors could bind to DNA and regulating gene expression. (D) Activated PPAR will associate with other cofactor/transcription factor. (E) The receptors will dimerize with RXR and illicit signal transduction.

14. Which of the following amino acids   is not   the precursor of hormones or neurotransmitters? (A) tyrosine (B) histidine (C) threonine (D) glutamate (E) tryptophan

15. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency often associated with: (A) high LDL-cholesterol (B) low LDL-cholesterol (C) high HDL-cholesterol (D) low HDL-cholesterol (E) hyperglycemia

16. Which enzyme is the major regulatory enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis? (A) acetyl-CoA carboxylase (B) 7α-hydroxylase (C) HMG-CoA reductase (D) HMG-CoA lyase (E) acyl-CoA synthetase

17. Familiar hypercholesterolemia has been associated with mutations in the genes encoding: (A) apolipoprotein B (APOB) (B) LDL receptor (LDLR) (C) proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (D) Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolaemia (ARH) (E) all of above

18. In the fasting state, free fatty acids are predominantly generated within the adipocyte by the action of: (A) acyl-CoA synthetase (B) fatty acid synthase (C) hormone sensitive lipase (D) lipoprotein lipase (E) pancreatic lipase

19. According to the Michaelis-Menten equation, the apparent rate constant of an enzymatic reaction at very low substrate concentration corresponds to (A) (B) (C) (D)(E)

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