9. What is an important mediator for the biosynthesis from pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate?
(A) Oxaloacetate
(B) Alanine
(C)Lactate
(D)Acetyl-CoA
(E)NADPH+H⁺

10. What enzyme can generate an ammonium ion (NH4+)? (A) Transaminase (B) Uroporphyrinogen III synthase (C)Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (D)Glutamine synthetase (E)Cystathionine γ-lyase

複選題11. Which of the following genetic backgrounds can be induced by lactose to produce beta-galactosidase? (A) I+Z+Y+A+ (B) I-Z+Y+A+ (C)I+Z-Y+A+ (D)I-Z-Y+A+ (E)All of them

12. Which of the following cis-elements can be bound by a repressor? (A) TATA box (B) GC box (C)Enhancer (D)Silencer (E)Transcription start site

13. Which of the following gene rearrangements results in the Philadelphia Chromosome that causes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)? (A) Deletion (B) Gene loss (C)Translocation (D)Amplification (E)Insertion

複選題14. Which of the following statements is correct for corticosteroid and its receptor (GR) to regulate gene transcription? (A) GR is located on the cell membrane in the absence of corticosteroid. (B) GR is located in the cytoplasm in the absence of corticosteroid. (C)GR is located in the nucleus in the absence of corticosteroid. (D)Ligated GR trans-activates inflammatory genes. (E)Ligated GR inhibits anti-inflammatory genes.

15. Numerous Xenopus cells were exposed to various amounts of ultraviolet light. Some of the resulting cells were observed to lack nucleoli. As a result, one would expect that the cell could not: (A) synthesize rRNA. (B) replicate its DNA. (C)perform photosynthesis. (D)perform cellular respiration. (E)none of the above

16. Cyclins modulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle by: (A) directly activating G proteins. (B) inducing the synthesis of constitutively active forms of growth cell receptors. (C)activating protein kinases that are critical regulators of cell division. (D)phosphorylating histones. (E)increasing the production of DNA polymerases.

17. A typical size for a viral genome is _______ nucleotides per haploid genome while a typical size for a bacterial genome is _______ nucleotides per haploid genome. (A) 2×106； 4×108 (B) 8×104； 5×107 (C)1×103； 9×104 (D)5×104； 4×106 (E)3×104； 5×109

18. The ABC excinuclease is essential in: (A) base-excision repair. (B) methyl-directed repair. (C)mismatch repair. (D)nucleotide-excision repair. (E)SOS repair.

19. Enzymes may increase the rate of chemical reactions by........  (A) binding tightly to the product. (B) binding tightly to reaction intermediates. (C)binding tightly to the transition state. (D)binding tightly to the substrate. (E)binding tightly to the coenzyme.

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