二、請詳述臺灣之國土與城鄉發展過程中，哪些天然、實質與社會經濟條件(地區或族群)，可能暴露在氣候變遷與極端天氣衝擊下，會呈現較高脆弱度(vulnerability)？並請詳述如何應用都市規劃手段，提出可行之降低災害風險與調適策略(adaptive strategies)？(廿五分)

四、請閱讀下列文獻後，請大致說明其意義，並請闡述您的意見或見解。(25分)Despite its rehabilitation problems, the city centre's built heritage has tremendous appeal and market potential. These characteristics led several retail developers to invest in the area in the last decade. Also in the last decade, the historic ambience of the riverfront neighbourhood of Ribeira has led to the opening of many pubs, bars and restaurants, which attract crowds of tourists and young people, and constitute the base of a renovated evening economy in the city centre.Several art galleries and ateliers for artists have opened recently in the city centre. They cater to alternative publics and chose to locate in the city centre due to its urbanity. Other commercial and residential buildings, such as A Barraca, are also being converted to mix uses with ateliers for artists.Despite the desertification of the last decades, a recent survey showed that the city centre has remarkable appeal as a residence for younger generations and professionals from the arts and culture industry. Twenty five percent of surveyed college students, between 20 and 24 years old, manifested an intention to reside in the city centre after finishing their degrees. Additionally, 50% of art and culture professionals answered positively to the question, would you like to reside in the city centre? (Siza,2001).The housing stock in the city centre often needs extensive rehabilitation, which can be very expensive. Nonetheless, the city centre seems to be experiencing a new future, which illustrates profound transformations in its traditional role as a marketplace. From, in the main, a place of commerce, services and housing, the city centre seems to be emerging as a player in the specialized retail, entertainment and evening economy arenas.

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