17. Urban heat island

(A) Write down the equations of exponential and logistic population growth models and explain the terms.

(B) What is the main ecological reason that differentiates the two types of population growth?

(C) During the phase of initial invasion and range expansion, which population growth model does an invasive species usually follow?

(A) Define specialist predators and generalist predators.

(B) What are the strengths and limitations of applying each of them individually in biocontrol programs?

21. Species richness is often affected by habitat disturbance. A student found a positive correlation between species richness and the degree of disturbance in habitat (Fig. 1a). However, another student found a negative correlation (Fig. 1b). Please explain the underlying mechanisms for each pattern.

22. (A) Define "phenological shifts".(B) Explain how a shift in the flowering phenology of a plant species may indirectly affect other plant species through plant-pollinator interactions.

23. The rate of decon omposition can be measured using tea-bag decomposition experiment, at which a pair of commercial tea-bags (e.g,, Lipton) with green and rooibos tea are buried into the soil for three months, and then excavated and amount of decomposed tea measured. Use this method to see how the rate of decomposition changes along the elevation gradient in Taiwan; namely, compare decomposition in three types of the forest: lowland rain forest (500 m asl), submontane evergreen broadleaf forest (1200 m asl and mountain cloud forest (2000 m as). Define the hypothesis which can be tested, describe the study method, and describe what you expect to find (will decomposition increase or decrease with elevation, and why?) (Answer in English)

19. Body size is a functional trait ecologists and evolutionary biologists often examine,(A) Please explain the importance of body size for individual performance, species interactions, and ecosystem functions. (B) Predict how species body size across altitude in Taiwan will respond to climate warming based on ecological concepts.

1. Describe the roles of the following enzymes during DNA replication: ligase, single- stranded binding proteins (SSBs), DNA polymerase Ill, primase, DNA helicas(E)

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_生態學與演化生物學研究所:生態學(A)#102084

110年 - 110 國立臺灣大學_碩士班招生考試_漁業科學研究所:生態學(D)#101328