2. A solution containing Cd²⁺ was analyzed voltammetrically using standard addition method. A 25.00 mL of deaerated Cd²⁺ containing sample solution, which was 1 M in HNO₃, produced a peak current of 1.77 μA. Following addition of 1.00 mL of 1.25✖10^-3 M Cd²⁺ solution, the resulting solution produced a current of 2.33 μA under the same measuring condition. Calculate the molar concentration of Cd²⁺ in the sample.(7分)

3. Mix 10.00 mL of 0.100 M HOCl with 10.00 mL 0.100 M NaOH, calculate the pH of the final solution. (For HOCl, Ka = 3.00✖10-8) (7分)

4. A line diagram of pH combination electrode (a cell) can be written as follows:Explain the principle for the measurement of pH (of external solution) by the cell.(8分)

(A) Explain reversed-phase liquid chromatography. (5分)

(B) If phenol and toluene were separated by applying reversed-phase liquid chromatography, which one would be eluted first, why? (4分)Explain why.

(C) Atomic spectra are line spectra while molecular spectra are band spectra. (5分)

(D) Photon detectors were used in UV-Vis spectrophotometer while thermal detectors were used in IR spectrometer.(5分)

V. Essay Writing (30%)Scott Young is widely known for his remarkable learning projects. Most notably, he completed the equivalent of MIT’sfour-year computer science program in only one year without being enrolled as a regular student. Instead, he relied primarily onself-directed learning and online resources.Some people believe that formal classroom instruction remains the most effective way to learn, while others argue thatmotivated learners can achieve equal or even better results through independent study.Which approach do you think is more effective: formal classroom learning or self-directed learning? Explain your opinionwith specific reasons and examples. Your essay should be 200-250 words in length.

1. Find the solution by separating variables method. (20%) \[ \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} \] B.C.: \( u(0, y) = 2e^{-4y} \)

2. \( z^2 + z + 1 - i = 0 \), find the solution. (20%)

(a) Calculate the determinant for A (5 %)

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