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1. 下列光學顯微鏡中何者能獲得最清晰及立體的細胞結構影像? (A)brightfield microscope(亮視野顯微鏡) (B)phase-contrast microscope(位相差顯微鏡) (C)fluorescence microscope(螢光顯微鏡) (D)confocal microscope(共軛焦顯微鏡)

3. 在細胞內膜系統中,下列何者為最常見的共同路徑? (A)高基氏體(Golgi)→溶解體(lysosome)→內質網(ER)→細胞膜(plasma membrane) (B)核膜(nuclear envelope)→溶解體→高基氏體→細胞膜 (C)內質網→葉綠體(chloroplasts)→粒腺體(mitochondrion)→細胞膜 (D)粗糙內質網(rough ER)→液泡(vesicles)→高基氏體→細胞膜

5. 下列何者不是轉錄因子(transcription factor)的 DNA 結合區(DNA-binding domain)常見的構形(motif)? (A)鋅指形(zinc finger) (B)六合體(hexamer) (C)白胺酸拉鍊(leucine zipper) (D)螺旋迴轉螺旋(helix-turn-helix)

44. (A) originates from (B) pours into (C) fluctuates among (D) appears in

45. (A) legislators (B) instructors (C) conductors (D) manufacturers 以下是試卷內容的題目與選項: 請依下文回答第46題至第50題 Denver's public schools' three-year plunge from one of the nation's most carefully planned and promising examples of public-education transformation into a district led by a school board in disarray has multiple causes, and there's plenty of blame to spread around. Ultimately, however, it is the result of a concerted effort over more than a decade by organized and committed activists, local and national, who have opposed changing the governance and operation of school districts in any significant way. The politics of public education in Denver have grown increasingly in school systems across the country. What distinguishes the conflict over reform in Denver is how unrelated it is to student outcomes. While Denver's reforms have been far from perfect, they merit the national attention they've drawn. A growing body of evidence makes clear that outcomes for students in the city slowly yet significantly improved, including for students the district has historically failed to serve well. Yet as soon as Denver Public Schools took its initial steps toward reform less than two decades ago, an active opposition campaign arose, aimed not at moderating or improving the reforms, but at destroying them. In 2019, the election of three new anti-reform members to the Denver Board of Education flipped the board majority to that camp. Since the educational reform was launched in 2005, Denver's families and educators have embraced choice. The broad popularity of choice in Denver makes dismantling reform politically fraught for the board and its allies. In fact, the board has faced strong pushback from some parents and educators and has had to confront the complex reality of governing a district where choice, autonomy, and a focus on outcomes are now woven into the fabric of public education. But the union-supported board majority was determined to push ahead, and that meant cleaninghouse at the top. In fall 2020, Superintendent Susana Cordova resigned after less than two years on the job. Cordova is a Denver native and Denver Public Schools graduate who had spent most of her professional career working for the district. Cordova never got a chance to enact her own agenda. First, a teacher strike weakened her just weeks into her tenure. Next, the new board gave her no room to enact changes. Finally, softening the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic became the district's sole focus. Now that the pandemic's disruption is receding, the board appears poised to renew its efforts to roll back reform. It has a good chance of succeeding, because in November 2021, all four of the anti-reform candidates won, giving their side unanimous control.

46 Which of the following is the main idea of this passage? (A) A group of activists are now close to their goal of dismantling the educational reform in Denver. (B) Denver's educational reform agenda has been badly interrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic. (C) Denver's educational reform has improved significantly, including students who had performed poorly. (D) Denver's teacher union-based board has made concerted efforts to implement a successful educational reform.