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行政程序法與行政訴訟法

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115年 - 115 中華郵政股份有限公司_職階人員職階晉升甄試試題_專業職(一)晉升營運職：郵政法規(包括郵政法、郵政儲金匯兌法、簡易人壽保險法、郵件處理規則及郵務營業規章)#145685(11題)

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66. 低酸性食品的定義是指食品的酸鹼值要在多少以上？ (A)7.0 (B)6.0 (C)4.6 (D)3.5

65. 茶葉之發酵主要係靠： (A)酵母菌 (B)乳酸菌 (C)自身酵素 (D)環境中存在的微生物

64. 下列何種食品之加工製造，不涉及發酵技術？ (A)普洱茶 (B)梅乾菜 (C)板豆腐 (D)優酪乳

四、 請閱讀本題所附 NASA Earth Observatory 短文，進行文章解析與評論。並請就文中內容，討論臺灣所面臨的挑戰與因應之策。(25 分) The Impact of Climate Change on Natural Disasters Climate change may not be responsible for the recent skyrocketing cost of natural disasters, but it is very likely that it will impact future catastrophes. Climate models provide a glimpse of the future, and while they do not agree on all of the details, most models predict a few general trends. First, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will probably boost temperatures over most land surfaces, though the exact change will vary regionally. More uncertain—but possible—outcomes of an increase in global temperatures include increased risk of drought and increased intensity of storms, including tropical cyclones with higher wind speeds, a wetter Asian monsoon, and, possibly, more intense mid-latitude storms. Global warming could affect storm formation by decreasing the temperature difference between the poles and the equator. That temperature difference fuels the mid-latitude storms affect the Earth's most populated regions. Warmer temperatures could increase the amount of water vapor that enters the atmosphere. The result is a hotter, more humid environment. At the equator, where conditions are already hot and humid, the change isn't expected to be large. At the poles, however, the air is cold and dry; a little extra heat and water vapor could raise temperatures greatly. As a result, global warming may cause the temperature difference between the poles and the equator to decrease. And as the difference decreases, so should the number of storms, says George Tselioudis, a research scientist at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) and Columbia University. But even as a warming climate might decrease the overall number of storms that form, it could increase the number of intense storms. As temperatures continue to rise, more and more water vapor could evaporate into the atmosphere, and water vapor is the fuel for storms. The combined result of increased temperatures over land, decreased equator-versus-pole temperature differences, and increased humidity could be increasingly intense cycles of droughts and floods as more of a region's precipitation falls in a single large storm rather than a series of small ones. A warmer, wetter atmosphere could also affect tropical storms (hurricanes), but changes to tropical storms are harder to predict and track. Some scientists have speculated that a warmer climate that allows more intense storms to develop would also spawn more hurricanes. Warmer temperatures may also heat ocean waters farther from the Equator, expanding the reach of large tropical storms. But there is little evidence to support the either of these theories, says Kerry Emanuel, a professor of tropical meteorology and climate in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate. The one way in which global warming could impact hurricanes is by making them more intense. More heat and water in the atmosphere and warmer sea surface temperatures could provide more fuel to increase the wind speeds of tropical storms. Warming that has already occurred since 1980 has increased sea surface temperatures 0.3 degrees Celsius, which should increase the maximum potential wind speed of hurricanes by 1 knot, according to hurricane intensity models. But increases that small could not have been observed yet. Even if tropical storms don't change significantly, other environmental changes brought on by global warming could make the storms more deadly. Melting glaciers and ice caps will likely cause sea levels to rise, which would make coastal flooding more severe when a storm comes ashore.

三、 請分析購物商圈在都市發展中所扮演的角色，近年各層級商圈均產生空置率提升，甚至發生退租潮的情形。請從空間變遷、智慧科技與其他可能的影響因素與趨勢，討論市鎮中心之沿街店面商圈發展面臨的衝擊與解決之道。(25 分)

二、 我國都市計畫地區範圍內公共設施保留地之使用依法受到諸多限制，且其所有權人迄無具有徵收公法上之請求權，從而造成該類土地普遍低度、甚至違規利用(因需用土地人多拒絕發動徵收)。試從土地政策之觀點，研訂取得公共設施保留地之對策、並說明其理由。(25 分)

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1-3 公告與領標：法定程序與常見地雷區

課程：公職人員採購法理論與實務-從招標、決標到履約管理，建立採購作業的系統化防錯地圖
章節：第一章：招標啟動與準備

描述：解析公開招標、選擇性招標等不同方式的公告規定與實務操作陷阱，確保程序百分百合法。

2-2 評選實戰：最有利標評審會議如何主導？

課程：公職人員採購法理論與實務-從招標、決標到履約管理，建立採購作業的系統化防錯地圖
章節：第二章：決標策略與程序

描述：從成立評選委員會、訂定評審標準到撰寫評審報告，掌握讓評選結果公正、可防禦的關鍵技巧。

2-3 決標與通知：完成採購的臨門一腳

課程：公職人員採購法理論與實務-從招標、決標到履約管理，建立採購作業的系統化防錯地圖
章節：第二章：決標策略與程序

描述：確認決標對象、發出決標公告與通知，並處理後續異議與申訴的起手式，完美收尾決標階段。

29. 下列摩爾斯信號碼何者正確？ (A) （－．－）代表字母「W」 (B) （－）代表字母「I」 (C) （．．．．．）代表數字「5」 (D) （－－－－－）代表數字「6」

7 甲犯數罪併罰的 A、B 二罪，法院均認定有罪，並定應執行刑。下列所定應執行刑，何者違反刑法之 規定？(A) A 罪宣告拘役 30 日，B 罪宣告拘役 40 日。法院判決執行拘役 100 日(B) A 罪宣告有期徒刑 3 年，B 罪宣告有期徒刑 3 年。法院判決執行有期徒刑 3 年(C) A 罪宣告有期徒刑 5 年，B 罪宣告有期徒刑 4 年。法院判決執行有期徒刑 9 年(D) A 罪宣告罰金 10 萬元，B 罪宣告罰金 5 萬元。法院判決執行罰金 15 萬元

8 關於緩刑與假釋之規定，下列敘述何者正確？ (A)經宣告緩刑者，暫緩沒收之執行(B)緩刑期內故意犯他罪而受逾 1 年有期徒刑之宣告確定者，得撤銷緩刑(C)假釋期間經撤銷假釋而再犯者，不論以累犯(D)假釋出獄者，在假釋期間得交付保護管束

25. 在 AI 專案「資料蒐集準備」階段，通常需要將資料集切分為訓練集(Training Data)、 驗證集(Validation Data)和測試集(Testing Data)。請問驗證集的主要用途是什麼？ (A)用於測試最後 AI 模型表現，檢查預測或分類效能 (B)用於測試模型中多個不同參數，以建立表現最好的模型 (C)用於訓練 AI 模型，學習輸入與輸出之間的關聯 (D)用於資料前處理和探索性分析

二、請根據《海洋法公約》與習慣國際法，說明沿海國對第三國船舶行使「緊追權」(Right of Hot Pursuit)時需符合之法律要件為何？當合法發動此一權利後，又在何種情況下，此項權利必須「停止」(cease to exist)？以及所謂「停止」的意義為何？

(二)計算： 1. X1 年折舊費用。 （2 分） 2. X2 年折舊費用。 （2 分)3. X2 年底減損前帳面金額。（3 分）4. X2 年底應認列之減損損失。（3 分）