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44.下列何種惡性病最可能以化學治療藥物(chemotherapy)治癒? (A)non-smal cell lung carcinoma (B)colorectal carcinoma (C)seminoma (D)chronic myeloid leukemia

40.66歲男性,自訴以往健康良好。2個月前發現有兩側頸部、腋下與腹股溝淋巴結腫大,經左側淋巴結切片檢 查診斷為angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma(AITL),接受全身性化學治療,處方為標準劑量的CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine和prednisolone)。病人於化療2週後返回門診,主訴上腹脹、 排便困難及手指指尖麻木,醫師懷疑可能發生ileus。此副作用最可能由下列何種藥物引起? (A)cyclophosphamide (B)adriamycin (C)prednisolone (D)vincristine

36.標靶治療藥物imatinib是何種蛋白的抑制劑? (A)Bcr-Abl (B)PML-RARa (C)NF-KB (D)EGFRa

47. The digestion and absorption of dietary fats require several coordinated processes in the human digestive system. Which of the following statements best describes how fats are digested and absorbed? (A) Bile salts emulsify fats into micelles within the intestinal lumen, allowing them to be absorbed directly into the intestinal capillaries. (B) Bile salts emulsify fats into chylomicrons within the intestinal lumen, allowing them to be absorbed directly into the hepatic portal vein. (C) Fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed into intestinal epithelial cells, reassembled into triglycerides, packaged into chylomicrons, and transported through lacteals before eventually entering the bloodstream. (D) Fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed into the intestinal capillaries and transported via the hepatic portal vein to the liver for storage. (E) Fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed into intestinal epithelial cells, reassembled into triglycerides, packaged into micelles, and transported into the intestinal capillaries.

49. The ras and p53 genes encode key proteins that function in cell-signaling pathways. Mutations in ras occur in about 30% of human cancers, and mutations in p53 occur in more than 50%. Based on their physiological roles in regulating the cell cycle, the ras gene is classified as a(n) __________, and the p53 gene is a(n) __________. (A) proto-oncogene; oncogene (B) oncogene; tumor-suppressor gene (C) proto-oncogene; tumor-suppressor gene (D) tumor-suppressor gene; proto-oncogene (E) tumor-suppressor gene; oncogene

50. The postsynaptic response at a chemical synapse depends on both the neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron and the receptor present on the postsynaptic membrane. Which of the following statements about neurotransmitters is NOT correct? (A) The magnitude of synaptic transmission can be influenced by the amount of neurotransmitter released. (B) Released neurotransmitter molecules can be taken back up into the presynaptic neuron. (C) A single neurotransmitter can activate both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, producing distinct physiological effects. (D) In the adult human brain, the amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter that typically depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron, making it more likely to fire an action potential. (E) Certain gaseous molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), can act as retrograde neurotransmitters and are not stored in synaptic vesicles before release.