13. Which one does not regulate the triacyglycerol cycle?

(A) Insulin.

(B) Glucagon.

(C) PEP carboxykinase.

(D) Thiazolidinedione.

(E) PPARa.

14. Which one does not appear in rafts?(A) Cholesterol.(B) GPI-linked protein.(C) Acyl-linked protein.(D) Prenylated protein.(E) Caveolin.

15. Which of the following descriptions about nucleotide and nucleic acid structures is(are) correct?1. The double helix of DNA in the B-form is stabilized by covalent bonds between the 3' end of one strand and the 5' end of the other.2. The double helix of DNA in the B-form is stabilized by nonspecific base-stacking interaction between two adjacent bases in the same strand.3. In nucleotides and nucleic acids, syn and anti conformations relate to rotation around the phosphodiester bond.4. C-5 of the pentose in nucleic acids is joined to a nitrogenous base.5. The phosphodiester bond that joins adjacent nucleotides in DNA is susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis.(A) 1 and 2.(B) 2 and 3.(C) 3 and 4.(D) 2 only.(E) 2 and 5.

16. Which of the following statements about type II restriction enzymes is(are) false?1. They are sequence-specific DNA endonucleases.2. Many make staggered (off-center) cuts within their recognition sequences. Some cut DNA to generate blunt ends.3. They cut both DNA strands at the same base pair.4. They are part of a bacterial defense system in which foreign DNA is cleaved.5. The size of the DNA region specifically recognized by type II restriction enzymes is typically 8 to 12 base pairs.(A) 1 and 3 are false.(B) 2 and 4 are false.(C) 3 and 5 are false.(D) Only 4 is false.(E) Only 5 is false.

17. Several nucleotide bases undergo spontaneous loss of their exocyclic amino groups (deamination). Deamination of the nucleotide bases cytosine and 5-methylcytosine yields nucleotide bases:(A) thymine and uracil, respectively.(B) hypoxanthine and xanthine, respectively.(C) uracil only.(D) uracil and thymine, respectively.(E) uracil and hypoxanthine, respectively.

18. Urea cycle takes place primarily in the liver in mammals. Excess ammonia generated in other tissues is delivered to the liver by:(A) glutamine.(B) alanine.(C) glutamate.(D) glutamine and alanine(E) glutamate and alanine.

19. Which two amino acids are important for ammonia assimilation (吸收) by an organism:(A) Glu and Gln.(B) Glu and Asp.(C) Gln and Asn.(D) Lys and Trp.(E) Lys and Arg.

20. Which of the following statement about neurotransmitters and hormones is not correct:(A) Both neurotransmitters and hormones act via binding to specific protein targets called receptors.(B) Each hormone has its own receptor.(C) Most receptors are membrane-bound proteins.(D) Some receptors are soluble proteins that modulate the expression of genes; these are called nuclear receptors.(E) Membrane-bound receptors of hormones are protein tyrosine kinases.

21. In gastrointestinal tract, hydrochloric acid is secreted by:(A) Parietal cells.(B) Chief cells.(C) gastric mucosa cells.(D) a cells.(E) ẞ cells.

22. Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from:(A) Arg.(B) citrulline.(C) spermine.(D) spermidine.(E) Lys.

23. Skeletal muscle does not use which of the following nutrient as fuel:(A) Free fatty acids.(B) Ketone bodies.(C) Glucose.(D) Amino acids.(E) None of the above.

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