20. The end product of glycolysis is
(A)acetyl-CoA
(B) citrate
(C) pyruvate
(D) oxaloacetate
(E) oxygen

21. During the Krebs cycle, (A)electrons and H+ are transferred to coenzymes NAD+ and FAD (B) substrate-level phosphorylation occurs (C)molecules of carbon dioxide are formed (D) oxaloacetate is regenerated (E) all of these

複選題22. Which statement about how some plants benefit from the presence of soil microbes is correct? (A) Through their mycorrhizal interactions with fungi, plant roots can acquire nutrients with less bioenergy. (B) Most beneficial microbes can form a symbiosis with both monocot and dicot plants. (C) Upon establishment of symbiosis, these microbes form special compartments randomly inside the root. (D)By interactions with soil bacteria, some plant roots can fix nitrogen gas directly.(E) Plant roots sometimes obtain organic molecules from these beneficial microbes.

23. Fermentation (A) produces more ATP than is liberated in the hydrogen transfer series (B) may occur in a muscle under anaerobic conditions (C) breaks down glucose in reaction with oxygen (D) is restricted to yeasts (E) none of these

24. Which of the following sequences is most likely as a restriction site? (A)5 ' -AATTCT-3 ' (B) 5 ' -AATATT-3 ' (C)5 ' -AAAATT-3 ' (D) 5 ' -ACTACT-3 ' (E) 5 ' -TTCCTT-3 '

25. Which defensive chemical is incorrectly paired with a function? (A) antibodies—pathogen neutralization (B) cytokines—immune cell stimulation (C) histamines—dilate capillaries (D) perforins—lysis (E) lysozymes—cause fevers

26. Which part is not required for the feeling of hearing or equilibrium in humans? (A)utricle (B) vestibular canal (C) ocelli (D)incus (E) hair cells

27. Based on the acid growth model of cell expansion in the plant, which statement is correct? (A) Proton pumps on the plasma membrane are activated by de novo synthesis of gibberellins. (B) Protons are pumped from cell wall space into the cytoplasm to acidify the cell. (C) Expansins function to re-connect the linkage between cellulose microfibrils after cell expansion. (D) The direction of elongation is perpendicular to the alignment of microfibrils. (E) The losing reaction of microfibrils can also be observed in the secondary cell wall.

28. Cleavage of the newly fertilized mammal embryo begins in the (A)ovary (B)uterus (C) vagina (D) oviduct (E)endometrium

複選題29. Which animal has a closed circulatory system? (A)snail (B)fish (C) spider (D) insect (E) none of above

30. Steroid hormones are synthesized from (A) amino acids (B) cholesterol (C) nucleic acids (D) carbohydrates (E) all of the above

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