21. At room temperature, 0.10 M NaOH solution is added dropwise to 20 mL of 0.10 M CH₃COOH solution. The relationship between the negative logarithm of the H⁺ concentration originating from the autoionization of 5- water, -log[H⁺]_water, and the volume of 10 20 30 40 VNOH(ag/nL NaOH solution added is shown in the graph on the right. Assuming that the volume change upon mixing can be neglected, which of the following statements is correct?

(A) At point b, [CH₃COO^-] ＜ [CH₃COOH].
(B) At points c and e, the solutions are both neutral.
(C) At point d, the concentration of CH₃COO^- is greater than that at point e.
(D) At point d, [CH₃COO^-] + [CH₃COOH] = 0.05 M.
(E) At point f, [Na⁺] ＞ [CH₃COO^-]＜[OH-]>[ H⁺].

22. A 0.10 M solution of the salt BHA has a pH of 6.5 at 25 °C, where B is a weak base and A- is the conjugated base of the weak acid HA. Given that the Kb value for B is 1.0 x 10-6, what is the Ka value for HА? (A) 1.0 x 10-6 (B) 2.0 x 10-6 (C) 1.0 x 10-8 (D) 1.0 x 10-5 (E) 2.0 x 10-5 

23. The nuclide decays by B-emisson with a half-life of 37.2 min. A sample of0.80 mol of H38Cl is placed in a 11.0 L closed container at 300 K, where one of the decay products is H2(g). What is the pressure (atm) in the container after 74.4 min? (R=0.082 atm-L.mol-¹.K-¹) (A) 1.23 (B) 1.79 (C) 2.24 (D) 2.46 (E) 3.13

24. Monosaccharides can be presented in both Haworth and Fischer projection. Which of the following pairs represents the same manosaccharide?

25. The standard molar free energies of formation (△G) of NO2(g) and N2O4(g) at25 °C are 52 and 97 kJ/mol, respectively. Consider the equilibrium at 25 °С:2 NO2(g)⇌ N2O4(g) Which of the following statements is correct? (A) The reaction is endothermic at 25 °C. (B) △S° for this reaction is positive at 25 °C. (C) The equilibrium constant (K) is less than 1 at 25 °C. (D) Decreasing the temperature increases the ratio [N2O4]/[NO2]. (E) The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.

26. The rate law for the reaction 2 H2(g) + 2 NO(g) →2 H2O(g) +N2(g) is rate = H2]a[NO]β, and the rates of the reaction under different conditions are as followWhich of the following statements is correct? (A) T2 ＜T1 (B) α = 2, β = 1 (C) When all other conditions are held constant and only the concentrations of the four substances in the reaction system are varied, only the change in the concentration of the reactants has an effect on rate, and the effect of [NO] is greater. (D) At T2, [NO] = 0.1 mol·L-1, the reaction rate is 8r, then [H2] =0.3 mol·L-1 (E) According to the varied reaction rates above, this is an endothermic reaction.

27. Oil painting typically involves a variety of inorganic pigments. Studies have found that under different humidity and light conditions in air, the fading of the pigment orpiment (As2S3) is mainly due to the following two chemical reactions (I and II):(A) The structures of S2O32-and SO42-are both tetrahedral. (B) In both reactions I and II, the elements As and S are oxidized. (C) In reactions I and II, the amount of satisfies: I ＜II.(D) In reactions I and II, the ratio of the number of electrons transferred when 1 mole of As2S3 is oxidized is 3:7. (E) The energy required for reaction I is lower than that for reaction II.

28. A 150 g mixture of methanol and ethylene glycol is dissolved in 1.0 kg of water, producing a solution with freezing point of-5.5 °C. Which ofthe following values is closest to the mole percent of methanol in the mixture? (K of water is1.86 °C/m) (A) 10% (B) 25% (C) 30% (D) 40% (E) 55%

29. -1. The A bipolar-membrane electrolyzer is used to reduce KNO3 to produce NH3, as shown in the figure below. The Faradaic efficiency for ammonia, FE(NH3), can electron required to form P reach 90% [Faradaic efficiency: .TheFaradaic efficiency for producing other gas(es) is 50%. During operation, H2О dissociates in the interfacial (middle) layer of the bipolar membrane to generate H+ and OH-, which migrate toward the two electrodes under the electric field. Which of the following statements is correct?(A) Electrode potential: the potential of electrode a is higher than that of electrode b. (B) The OH produced by water dissociation in the bipolar membrane migrates toward electrode a. (C) The overall reaction in compartment I is: NO3+8 e+ 6 H2O → NH3 +9 OH. (D) When 11.2 L of gas is produced at the anode (at standard conditions), 0.45 mol of NH3 is produced at the cathode. (E) Hydrogen and oxygen gases are evolved from compartment II.

30. A boron-carbon-nitrogen compound with a diamond cubic-like structure can be synthesized under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography and its unit-cell structure is shown in the figure on the right. The cubic unit-cell parameter is a pm, and NA denotes Avogadro's constant. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (molar atomic mass (g/mol): B = 11, C = 12, N =14) (A) This material is a covalent compound with high hardness. (B) The number of boron atoms that are nearest neighbors to a given boron atom in the crystal and are at equal distances is 4. (C) The ratio of the number of C-C bonds to C-N bonds in the unit cell is 2:1. (D) The density of the unit cell is (E)The empirical formula of this compound is BC2N.

31. A space probe is equipped with a large, perfectly reflecting solar sail. At the probe's location, the Sun provides an average energy flux (Poynting vector magnitude) of S= 1500 W/m². The sail has an area A = 1000 m², and sunlight strikes the sail at normal incidence. What is the total force exerted on the sail due to radiation pressure? (A) 1 x 10-3 N (B) 5 x 10-3 N (C) 1 x 10-2 N (E) 5 x 10-2 N(D) 3 x 10-2 N

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