23.
(A) What distinguished Shakespeare
(B) What Shakespeare distinguished

(C) Shakespeare distinguished what
(D) What Shakespeare to distinguish

24. (A) relevant (B) to relevant (C) be relevant (D) relevant to (25~30) In the realm of contemporary fiction, memory has shed its old skin as a mere filing cabinet. We no longer see it as a simple retrieval system; instead, it has emerged as something far more restless and unreliable—a constant, messy process of reconstruction. This literary turn actually tracks right alongside cognitive science, which has long since discarded the tidy videotape metaphor of the mind. Today, both novelists and neuroscientists tend to view memory as a palimpsest: a piece of vellum where new experiences are etched directly over the faded ghosts of the old. The British author Virginia Woolf understood this intuitively. Her “moments of being” were not just stylistic flourishes; they were profound excavations of the psyche. Woolf reminds us that our daily consciousness is really just a thin crust over a deep, dark reservoir of past impressions. However, these impressions are not fossils preserved in amber. They erode, and they shift under the weight of how we feel today. This fluidity is unsettling because it threatens the very idea of a stable self. If the memories that define us are forever in flux, then who we are is less a granite monument and more a provisional story—one we are forced to rewrite every day just to keep our sanity intact. Crucially, we need to stop viewing forgetting as a glitch in the system. Indeed, many educational psychologists now argue that forgetting is actually a biological imperative. If we were doomed to remember every trivial detail, we would essentially drown in the noise, unable to discern any meaningful patterns in our lives. From this perspective, erasure is not a loss; rather, it is a filter. And it is the very thing that allows significance to surface. In a digital age that enables us to archive everything forever, our human ability to let things go might just be our most essential defense against a world that never stops recording.

25. According to the passage, how has the conceptualization of memory changed in both literature and science? (A) It has now come to be viewed as an infallible recording of past events. (B) It has moved from a static retrieval model to a dynamic reconstructive process. (C) It is increasingly seen as a physiological burden rather than a cognitive asset. (D) It has been simplified through the use of technological metaphors like the videotape.

26. According to the passage, what is the author’s view on the relationship between memory and the self ? (A) A stable identity is considered impossible because memory is largely biological rather than narrative. (B) The self is viewed as a fixed entity that remains mostly unaffected by the fluctuations of memory. (C) Identity is a temporary construct maintained through the constant revision of past experiences. (D) Narrative techniques in literature have finally been able to provide a permanent structure for the self. 【共 7 頁，第 2 頁】

27. What does the author imply about the digital age in the passage? (A) Digital permanence directly opposes human erasure needs. (B) Digital archiving will replace human selective memory. (C) Indiscriminate storage best ensures human psychological coherence. (D) Misunderstood educational psychology calls cognitive overload a myth.

28. According to the passage, what can be inferred about the nature of memory? (A) New memories would completely erase and replace older ones, leaving the mind a blank slate. (B) Objective documentation of reality is achieved by human memory through a flawless, mechanical process. (C) Human memory is as fragile as ancient vellum and therefore demands continuous preservation. (D) Memory is a layered phenomenon where past and present experiences influence and obscure one another.

29. Why does the author describe the self as a provisional story rather than a granite monument? (A) To argue that literature is a more effective tool for preserving history than architectural artifacts. (B) To emphasize that personal identity is an evolving narrative rather than a fixed, unchanging entity. (C) To suggest that humans are naturally deceptive about their past experiences to maintain their sanity. (D) To highlight the psychological distress caused by the inability to accurately remember one’s past.

30. According to the passage, how does the author’s view of erasure challenge conventional wisdom? (A) By framing the loss of information as a sophisticated asset that facilitates the perception of meaning. (B) By claiming that forgetting is a sign of cognitive decline that can be mitigated through pattern recognition. (C) By suggesting that digital archives are superior to human memory because they prevent data loss. (D) By arguing that educational psychologists should focus more on rote memorization than on selective filtering. (31~35) Travel has the potential to substantially improve psychological well-being. According to Stephanie Preston of the University of Michigan, experiences such as feeling awe in new places, engaging creativity, spending time in nature, and socializing with loved ones are all scientifically linked to reduced stress. However, these psychological benefits are by no means automatic; receiving intrusive work messages or rushing through an overpacked itinerary can leave you more exhausted upon return than before you left. Ultimately, the way you plan and execute your journey determines whether you reap travel’s positive effects. Because the psychological boost from a vacation tends to fade about a month after returning, strategic planning is essential. Laurence Chan of Columbia University suggests taking several short trips rather than one long vacation. Shorter trips are not only easier to fit into busy schedules, but they also reduce the likelihood of work spillover, such as being forced to attend unavoidable business calls. Furthermore, because the anticipation of planning itself brings happiness, multiple trips distribute joy across the year. To protect this relaxation, travelers should limit phone use by temporarily muting or deleting work emails and social media apps. That said, because some individuals feel anxious when completely disconnected, you should tailor your approach to your personality; if you struggle with digital self-control, intentionally choosing a destination with limited internet access can enforce a healthy boundary. When designing your daily agenda, aim for a loose yet intentional schedule. While you should avoid overscheduling, leaving your days entirely empty can create unnecessary decision fatigue. To strike the perfect balance, experts recommend scheduling about a half day of activities daily and preparing a short list of restaurants in advance to avoid stressful, last-minute searching. Along similar lines, try putting your camera away at times. Instead of experiencing a destination through the lens of social sharing, travelers should fully savor hikes, boat rides, or family dinners in the present moment. Managing logistics before and after the trip is equally critical to preserving your vacation high. To reduce post-trip anxiety, work ahead before leaving; completing extra tasks beforehand prevents that overwhelmed feeling upon your return. Additionally, building a buffer day at home between your vacation and your return to work allows vital recovery time, which is especially important when crossing time zones. During the trip itself, prioritizing physical activity and choosing a sunny destination can amplify health benefits. Regular sun exposure and outdoor exercise are particularly effective at lowering anxiety, stabilizing heart rates, and improving subsequent sleep quality. Finally, human factors and travel mechanics dictate the quality of your experience. Who you travel with matters immensely; companions’ habits and priorities, such as waking up early for hikes versus sleeping in, strongly affect mutual enjoyment. In fact, research indicates that traveling with colleagues tends to be enjoyed the least. To save planning time and avoid information overload, crowdsource specific recommendations from friends who have recently visited your destination rather than conducting exhaustive web searches. Practical packing strategies, such as using compression packing cubes, can also significantly reduce transit chaos for families. Lastly, whenever possible, book direct flights; avoiding layovers eliminates the distinct stress of tight connections and ensures a much smoother journey from start to finish. 【共 7 頁，第 3 頁】

31. Which of the following statements best expresses the primary thesis of the passage? (A) Traveling with professional colleagues is the most effective way to maximize vacation efficiency. (B) The psychological and physical benefits of travel depend on deliberate planning, pacing, and boundary-setting. (C) Long-distance international travel is superior to local travel because it offers greater opportunities to experience nature. (D) Technological connectivity and extensive web searches have made modern vacation planning less stressful than in the ...past.

32. According to Laurence Chan of Columbia University, why is a strategy of taking multiple short trips preferable to taking a single long vacation? (A) Travelers are more likely to engage in rigorous outdoor exercise during shorter stays. (B) Short trips completely eliminate the occurrence of jet lag when crossing multiple time zones. (C) Shorter vacations make it easier to manage professional obligations and distribute the joy of anticipation across the year. (D) Short trips are a proven method for forcing individuals to completely disconnect from their daily mobile applications.

33. Based on the recommendations regarding daily scheduling in Paragraph 3, it can be inferred that leaving an entire vacation itinerary blank is discouraged because ______. (A) it forces travelers to spend too much time taking and sharing photos on social media (B) completely unstructured leisure time has been proven to increase a traveler's heart rate (C) modern restaurants refuse to accommodate travelers who arrive without prior reservations (D) the need to make constant, real-world choices during the trip can lead to decision fatigue

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