28. Which of the following molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
(A) steroid hormone
(B) small peptides
(C) glucose
(D) large peptides
(E) water

29. Why do pseudogenes not express in genome? I (A) They code for RNA end products, rather than proteins.  (B) They contain uracil.  (C) They do not have promoter and enhancer sites. | (D) Their reading frames are wrong. J (E) They locate in different chrosome. I

30. What would be the consequence if gastrulation did not occur? | (A) Cleavage would not occur in the zygote. (B) Embryonic germ layers would not form. I (C) Fertilization would be blocked. (D) The blastula would not be formed. 是 (E) The blastopore would form above the gray crescent in the animal pole. j：

31. Which of the following might be affected by Compound 1 ?(A) I, Ⅱ, orⅢ.(B) I or Ⅱ.(C)Ⅱ or Ⅲ.(D) I, Ⅱ or V.(E)Ⅲor IV

32. Which of the following might be affected by Compound 2? ^(A) I，II, or III. (B) I or II. (C) III or IV. (D) I, II or V. (E) II or III.

33. Comparison of the above four constructs (I, II,III , IV) for the transcription of mRNA of gene A, which of the following ; is in a correct order for the expression of gene A (From high to low)? (A) I，II，III，IV (B) IV，III, II，I (C) II,I, III, IV(D)III，II， I，IV (E) I, II，IV，III .

34. When Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed Fi generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. He concluded that the involved gene was on the X chromosome. Why he could make this conclusion? (A) Before this experiment, he already knew the genes are located at chromosome. (B) Before this experiment, he knew that the sex was determined by X and Y chromosome. (C) He knew the phenotype of eyes was sex-Iinkage. (D) His conclusion makes non-sense at all. (E) Before this experiment, he knew that Y-chromosome canys very few genes.

35. Which of the following ideas is not consistent with our understanding of animal structure? (A) The environment imposes similar problems on all animals. (B) The evolution of structure in an animal is influenced by its environment. (C) All but the simplest animals demonstrate the same hierarchical levels of organization. (D) Different animals contain fundamentally different categories of tissues. (E) Short-term adjustments to environmental changes are mediated by physiological organ systems

36. Which sequence of blood flow can be observed in either a reptile or a mammal? (A) left ventricle aorta — lungs — systemic circulation. (B) right ventricle — pulmonary vein —^ pulmocutaneous circulation. (C) pulmonary vein — left atrium —^ ventricle pulmonary circuit. (D) vena cava —• right atrium —^ ventricle —＞ pulmonary circuit. (E) right atrium — pulmonary artery — left atrium — ventricle.

37. The following events occur when a mammalian immune system first encounters a pathogen. Place them in correct sequence and then choose the answer that indicates that sequence. I: Pathogen is destroyed. Ⅱ: Lymphocytes secrete antibodies. Ⅲ: Antigenic determinants from pathogen bind to antigen receptors on lymphocytes. IV: Lymphocytes specific to antigenic determinants from pathogen become numerous. V: Only memory cells remain.(A) Ⅰ ,Ⅲ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ(B) Ⅲ, Ⅱ,Ⅰ, Ⅴ, Ⅳ(C) Ⅱ,Ⅰ, Ⅳ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ(D) Ⅳ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅰ,Ⅴ(E) Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅱ,Ⅰ, Ⅴ

38. Fossil evidence indicates that horses have gradually increased in size over geologic time. (A) random selection (B) directional selection (C) stabilizing selection (D) disruptive selection (E) sexual selection

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