31. Okazaki fragments show all the following characteristics except for which ONE?
(A)are typically 1000-2000 nucleotides long in prokaryotes
(B)are joined together by DNA primase
(C)are formed as part of the lagging strand
(D)allow a replisome to move in one direction on double-stranded DNA

32. The enzyme telomerase synthesizes DNA strands at the end of chromosomes through which ONE of the following mechanisms?(A)By converting DNA polymerase into a continuously cycling mode(B)By adding each of the 4 nucleotides in turn to produce a repetitive sequence(C)By extending the leading strand via instructions from its own internal template(D)By adding long poly A tails to the leading strand

33. Which statement best describes the main distinction between the origin of the two classes of small regulatory RNAs: siRNA and miRNA?(A)siRNAs originate within the cell cytoplasm; miRNAs originate from the cell genome(B)siRNAs originate from predominantly exogenous dsRNA; miRNAs originate from the cell genome(C)miRNAs are expressed whenever siRNAs are unable to appropriately degrade RNA sequences(D)miRNAs are processed from dsRNA viruses, siRNAs are processed from ssRNA viruses

34. Of the following four 15-bp double-stranded DNA sequences, which will be most stable at higher temperatures? In other words, which will most likely remain in a double-stranded form? (Note: only one strand is shown here) Choose the single best answer.(A)CATCCTAGCGACTAT(B)CTATACGACATAGCC(C)AAATGCATACATCTT(D)CCCGCATCGCCATCG

35. Please choose the most accurate description of the enhancer. Enhancers are ____(A)proteins located adjacent to promoters(B)distant sites where regulatory proteins bind(C)a bacterial form of promoters(D)proteins that bind with repressors, deactivating them

36. Which of the following helps stabilize mRNA by inhibiting its degradation?(A)TATA box(B)spliceosomes(C)5ʹ cap and poly ( A ) tail(D)introns

37. What is the activated reactant in the biosynthesis of phosphoribosylamine?(A)ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)(B)IMP (Inosine monophosphate)(C)PRPP (5-Phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate)(D)FAD (Flavin adenine dinucleotide)

38. During DNA replication in eukaryotic cells, the enzyme responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction is:(A)DNA ligase(B)DNA polymerase α(C)DNA polymerase δ(D)RNA primase

39. Regarding telomerase, which statement is correct?(A)Telomerase is responsible for DNA repair.(B)Telomerase increases the number of DNA molecules in cells after each cell division.(C)Telomerase is primarily found in prokaryotes.(D)The main function of telomerase is to cleave DNA molecules.

40. Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA is incorrect?(A)Prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs are polycistronic.(B)Translation of prokaryotic mRNAs can begin even before transcription is completed.(C)Eukaryotic RNAs undergo significant posttranscriptional processing.(D)The 5' end of all eukaryotic mRNAs is capped with a unique 5'-5' linkage to a 7- methylguanosine residue.

41. Regarding RNA splicing, which statement is correct?(A)RNA splicing occurs during translation.(B)RNA splicing separates the RNA transcript into exons and introns.(C)RNA splicing only occurs in eukaryotes.(D)The primary function of RNA splicing is the synthesis of tRNA.

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