32. Which of the following groups is the closest relative to birds?
(A) Mammals
(B) Lizards
(C) Turtles
(D) Dinosaurs

33. Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant? (A) Xylem vessels in roots (B) Xylem vessels in leaves (C) Mesophyll cells of the leaf (D) Cells of the root cortex

34. Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots? (A) Phloem (B) Pericycle (C) Cortex (D) Epidermis

35. Which of the following essential nutrients plays an essential role in the opening and closing of the stomatai aperture? (A) (B)(C)(D)

36. Intercalated disks are found in (A) skeletal muscle. (B) smooth muscle. (C) cardiac muscle. (D) bone cells.

37. Auxins (IAA) in plants are known to affect all of the following phenomena except (A) maintenance of dormancy. (B) inhibition of lateral buds. (C) phototropism of shoots. (D) fruit development.

38. Which of the following is the key site for glucose homeostasis? (A) Stomach (B) Small intestine (C) Liver (D) Gallbladder

39. Which of the following statements concerning adaptive immunity in mammals is correct? (A) Cell-mediated immune responses are mediated by T cells. (B) Humoral immunity is mediated mainly by antibodies and complements. (C) Helper T cells play important roles in both cell and humoral immunity. (D) All of the above.

40. Which of the following statements concerning urine formation in humans is correct? (A) Most of the useful solutes such as glucose are reabsorbed in the distal tubules. (B) Descending limb of the Loop of Henie is permeable to both salt and water. (C) Ascending limb of the Loop of Henle is permeable to water. (D) Anti-diuretic hormone is released in response to increase of blood osmolarity.

41. Which of the following statements concerning endocrine system in mammals is correct? (A) Pituitary hormones are involved in the inhibition of downstream endocrine organs such as thyroid gland. (B) Positive feed-back control is the most commonly seen mode of regulation in theendocrine physiology. (C) Adrenal gland is divided to cortex and medulla which can be distinguished by the hormones they secrete. (D) Thyroidal hormones (T4 and T3) are involved in regulation of blood pressure.

42. Which of the following statements concerning animal reproduction is correct? (A) Animals reproduce exclusively by sexual reproduction. (B) In humans, female ovarian cycles are controlled by the blood concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteal hormone (LH). (C) In humans, LH and FSH are absent in males. (D) In humans, maternal blood vessels are directly connected to fetal blood vessels in the placenta.

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