36. Which of the following structure is the correct Fischer projection of D-glucose?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

41. Which of the following structure is the correct Fischer projection of       D-galactose      ? (A)(B)(C)(D)(E)

37. Three among the ten glycolytic enzymes catalyze chemical reactions which are principally irreversible in physiological conditions. They are (A) Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate kinase (B) Hexokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase (C) Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, phosphoglycerate kinase (D) phosphofructokinase-1, phosphoglycerate kinase, pyruvate kinase (E) None of the above

38. Considering the structural complexity of carbohydrates, it is not surprising that many of the cell surface molecules are glycoproteins and particular combinations of various glycoproteins can serve as identification of specific cell types. In these glycoproteins the carbohydrate moiety is added to the side chain of which amino acid? (A) Serine via an O-glycosidic bond (B) Tyrosine via an O-glycosidic bond (C) Lysine via an N-glycosidic bond (D) Histidine via an N-glycosidic bond (E) All the above are possible

39. Which of the following statements about glycogen is/are   WRONG  ? (A) Glycogen is important energy storage of animals although the storage capacity will be depleted within hours without any exogenous source of energy. (B) Breakdown of glycogen is performed by glycogen phosphorylase, which converts one glucose moiety to glucose-6-phosphate from the non-reducing end of the polymer. (C) A debranching enzyme is also required for breakdown of glycogen. (D) All of the above. (E) None of the above.

40. Fluoroacetate is a potent toxin which kills cells by completely disrupting the citric acid cycle and depriving cells of energy. In mammalian cells, fluoroacetate is converted to fluoroacetyl-coenzyme A and then to fluorocitrate. Which enzyme in the citric acid cycle is the target of fluoroacetate? (A) Citrate synthase (B) Aconitase (C) Isocitrate dehydrogenase (D) Succinyl-CoA synthetase (E) Fumarase

1. Which carbohydrate polymer is the primary component of fungal cell walls? (A) Amylopectin (B) Glycogen (C) Chitin (D) Cellulose (E) Starch

2. Which interaction is unique to stabilizing quaternary protein structures? (A) Hydrogen bonds (B) Ionic bonds (C) Covalent bonds (D) Inter-subunit bonding (E) Peptide bonds

3. Which type of lipid is primarily involved in energy storage within cells? (A) Steroids (B) Glycolipids (C) Phospholipids (D) Sphingolipids (E) Triglycerides

4. What is the primary role of enzymes in biochemical reactions? (A) Stabilize products (B) Lower activation energy (C) Alter free energy (D) Change equilibrium (E) Consume reactants

5. Which characteristic distinguishes amphipathic lipids? (A) Possess both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions (B) Only hydrophilic (C) Only hydrophobic (D) Contain glycerol backbones (E) Lack double bonds

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