41. Which of the following structure is the correct Fischer projection of       D-galactose      ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

36. Which of the following structure is the correct Fischer projection of D-glucose? (A)(B)(C)(D)(E)

42. Which of the following monosaccharide is not a component of the carbohydrate moiety of proteoglycans and glycoproteins? (A) Galactose (B) Glucose (C) Mannose (D) Ribose (E) Xylose

43. How many molecules of ATP are invested in the preparatory phase and "harvested" in the pay-off phase of glycolysis from one molecule of glucose, respectively? (A) 2, 4 (B) 4, 2 (C) 2, 2 (D) 2, 32 (E) 2, 6

44. Which small RNA is not involved in gene silencing? (A) miRNA (B) snRNA (C) piRNA (D) siRNA (E) None of the above.

45. Which of the following coenzymes is/are required for citric acid cycle? (1) Coenzyme A, (2) Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), (3) Biotin, (4) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (A) 1,3,4 (B) 1, 2, 4 (C) 2,4 (D) 1,2,3 (E) 1, 2, 3, 4

46. The Km (Michaelis constant) of an enzyme for a substrate is defined operationally as (A) half the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is maximal (B) the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half maximal (C) the dissociation constant of the enzyme substrate complex (D) the dissociation constant of the enzymeproduct complex (E) the rate constant of the reaction at saturation

47. The uppermost figure above shows the locations of four genes on the genetic map of an organism; the lower figure shows the locations of the same four genes on a physical map derived from the nucleotide sequence of the DNA of that organism. The maps are not identical because (A) there is no relationship between the position of genes in a genetic map and their positions on the DNA (B) recombination frequencies per kb of DNA are not uniform throughout a chromosome (C) the farther apart two genes are, the more likely they are to recombine (D) the closer two genes are, the more likely they are to recombine (E) some genes contain introns

48. Consider the average in vivo turnover rates for proteins, DNA, and mRNA. Which of the following orders best describes the turnover rate from fastest (shortest average lifetime) to slowest (longest average lifetime)? (A) mRNA ＞ DNA ＞ proteins (B) mRNA ＞ proteins ＞ DNA (C) Proteins ＞ mRNA ＞ DNA (D) Proteins ＞ DNA ＞ mRNA (E) DNA ＞ mRNA ＞ proteins

49. SNARE proteins are found in the membranes of all of the following compartments EXCEPT (A) Mitochondria (B) Golgi complex (C) Early endosome (D) Endoplasmic reticulum (E) Synaptic plasma membrane

50. The ion product for liquid water, Kw, varies with temperature (T), as indicated by the change in pKw shown in the table above. The definition of neutrality is [H+] = [OH-]. Which of the following is the pH of water at neutrality at 50°C ? (A) 6.35 (B) 6.64 (C) 7.00 (D) 7.40 (E) 13.28

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