38. We would like to estimate the energy consumed to run the left ventricle. Given that the rate at which the left ventricle does mechanical work is 1.046 watt. Nevertheless, the efficiency of converting the metabolic energy into mechanical energy is approximately 25%. Calculate the energy consumed to run the left ventricle per day. [1 calorie (cal) = 4.184 joules (J)]
(A) 5.40 × 10⁴ (cal/day)
(B) 4.18 × 10⁴ (cal/day)
(C) 2.62 × 10⁴ (cal/day)
(D) 8.64 × 10⁴ (cal/day)
(E) 9.62 × 10⁴ (cal/day)

39. The human brain is approximately 56 cm above the heart. The average blood pressure in the major arteries near the heart is 95 mm-Hg. Assume that the density of blood is the same as that of water. What is the blood pressure in the brain in major arteries? [1mm-H2O = 0.0736 mm-Hg] (A) 136.2 mm-Hg (B) 95.0 mm-Hg (C) 53.8 mm-Hg (D) 42.8 mm-Hg (E) 33.2 mm-Hg

40. Atherosclerosis occurs when a deposit forms on an arterial wall. Suppose that the cross-sectional area becomes A2/A1=1/4, and this leads to a faster blood flow speed. The pressure in the region without plaque is P1, and the pressure in the region with plaque is P2. Use Bernoulli's equation to calculate the pressure drop P2 − P1. The blood density is ρ and the blood speed in the region without plaque is v1. (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) None of the above

41. A perfect Carnot engine operates between a hot reservoir at 800 K and a cold reservoir at 400 K. If the engine performs 200 joule (J) of work in each cycle, how much heat is exhausted to the cold reservoir in each cycle? (A) 800 J (B) 600 J (C) 400 J (D) 200 J (E) 100 J

42. An ambulance siren emits a frequency of 620 Hz and the speed of sound is 340 m/s. Which statement below is correct? (A) A stationary observer always hears a frequency of 620 Hz. (B) When the ambulance moves towards a stationary observer at 30 m/s, the observer hears a frequency of 310 Hz. (C) When the ambulance moves away from a stationary observer at 30 m/s, the observer hears a frequency of 680 Hz. (D) When the ambulance moves towards a stationary observer at 30 m/s, the observer hears a frequency of 680 Hz. (E) When the ambulance moves away from a stationary observer at 30 m/s, the observer hears a frequency of 310 Hz.

43. A sealed room has a volume of 50 m3 and an initial relative humidity of 90%. How much water vapor must be removed to reduce the relative humidity to 50%? Assume the saturation vapor density is 20 g/m3 and water density 1 kg/L. (Note: 1 L = 1 m3). (A) 20 mL (B) 0.4 L (C) 2 L (D) 8 L (E) 20 L

44. Material A has a specific heat of 0.03 cal/g·°C, and Material B has a specific heat of 0.09 cal/g·°C. A 3-kg block of Material A at 10°C is placed in thermal contact with a 2-kg block of Material B at 100°C. Assuming the system is isolated, what is the final equilibrium temperature? (A) 30 °C (B) 40 °C (C) 50 °C (D) 60 °C (E) 70 °C

45. A laser beam of wavelength λ = 4×10-7 meter normally incidents on a black plate and produces a force of 1.5×10-5 N. The mass of the plate is 12 g and its specific heat capacity is 500 (J·kg-1·K-1). Assume that there is no heat loss to the surroundings. Find the rate at which the temperature of the plate rises. [unit: newton (N), kelvin (K)] (A) 572 K/s (B) 682 K/s (C) 750 K/s (D) 823 K/s (E) 912 K/s

46. What happens to the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor if the distance between the two plates is doubled while keeping all other factors constant? (A) It is halved. (B) It remains unchanged. (C) It doubles. (D) It quadruples. (E) None of the above.

47. A solid nonconducting sphere of radius R carries a total charge Q distributed uniformly throughout its volume. At a distance r＜R from the center, the magnitude of the electric field is E. If the radius of the sphere were doubled to 2R while keeping the total charge Q distributed uniformly and the point r the same, what would be the new magnitude of the electric field? (A) E (B) E/2 (C) E/4 (D) E/6 (E) E/8

48. A circular coil with an area of 0.50 m2 is placed in a uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plane of the coil. The magnetic field magnitude decreases at a constant rate of 0.40 tesla/s. What is the magnitude of the induced electromotive force (EMF) in the coil? (A) 2.00 V (B) 0.20 V (C) 0.40 V (D) 0.80 V (E) None of the above

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