40. Scenario: Two students are engaging in a class discussion about tourist tax.

Judy: I think all landmarks should be free so that everyone has equal access to culture.

Cindy: ________ Entrance fees are often necessary to cover the high costs of maintenance and security.

Judy: That's a fair point. Maybe there could be a discount for students and locals?
(A) I'm not sure I agree.
(B) I tend to agree.
(C) I don't understand.
(D) I can see where you got the idea. 

41. Social isolation, especially in older adults,      can lead to a number of physical and mental disorders.      (A) which impacts both physical and mental health (B) may result in some physical and mental problems (C) seems to stem from many physical and mental health issues (D) is the reason why physical and mental problems

42. Dopamine economy describes a system      where neuro-marketing tactics deliberately trigger dopamine release to encourage impulse buying.       (A) in which marketing exploits human brain's reward system, using dopamine release to drive instant gratification (B) that forces marketing to target weak-minded consumers who are easily influenced to make unplanned purchases (C) using mindful marketing strategies to stop people from thinking clearly before making buying decisions (D) to show how ignorant consumers can be when they buy what they want rather than what they need

43. Depending fundamentally on other species for survival,       humanity is directly threatened by the loss of biodiversity.      (A) biodiversity loss threatens the continued existence of humanity (B) which makes biodiversity loss a direct threat to humanity (C) we face a direct threat from biodiversity loss (D) humanity threatened and biodiversity loss is the cause

44. The leaders clink glasses,     meaning they lift up, touch their drinks, and make a toast to show respect.       (A) to mean that they respect each other by lifting and touching the drinks (B) by lifting and touching drinks they appear to be respectful (C) that means the drinks are lifted up and touched respectfully (D) which involves raising and touching their drinks as a sign of respect

45. Play is as important as a child's basic needs, such as food and safety,      but its importance is often underestimated.      (A) yet people often do not realize how important it is (B) while many people often overlooking its importance (C) which makes its importance often go underestimated (D) leading to its importance being minimized

46. A. When we feel a little pressure, we often work harder and pay more attention. B. For this reason, the right level of stress can push us forward in life. C. This kind of stress can help us finish tasks on time and reach our goals. D. It can also encourage us to learn new skills and try new challenges. E. A certain amount of stress can actually be good for people. (A) ACBDE (B) EACDB (C) ABDEC (D) ECABD

47. A. Not surprisingly, psychologists would suggest that video gaming may actually benefit children's cognitive development. B. Such play may strengthen a range of cognitive skills such as spatial navigation and reasoning. C. The more children reported playing strategic video games, the more they improved in problem solving. D. Recent studies indicate that playing video games may boost children's learning. E. Video gaming may also help children develop problem-solving skills. (A) ADBEC (B) CBAED (C) ECADB (D) DBECA

48. A. Many hospitals now use animals to help patients feel better. B. This relaxation helps the body recover from illness more quickly. C. In addition, patients often feel less lonely when a pet visits them. D. Doctors therefore believe that pets are an important part of modern medicine. E. Spending time with a friendly dog or cat can lower a person's stress. (A) ACBED (B) EBACD (C) AEBCD (D) EDBCA

49. A. Research also suggests that regular consumption may improve blood flow to the brain. B. Many health experts thus recommend a small daily portion as part of a balanced diet.  C. Dark chocolate is often praised by nutritionists for its high concentration of antioxidants. D. These substances, known as flavonoids, help protect the body's cells from damage. E. Such a boost in circulation can lead to better performance on memory and concentration tests. (A) CDAEB (B) CBEAD (C) CEADB (D) CADBE

50. A. These "ugly" fruits or vegetables are often rejected because they have strange shapes. B. In response, some shops now sell imperfect food at a lower price.  C. However, these small appearance problems do not change the taste or nutritional values. D. Many supermarkets throw away agricultural products that do not look perfect. E. Buying these items is a great way to save money and help the planet. (A) BADCE (B) DACBE (C) BEDAC (D) DBECA

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