47.Vertebrate bone consists primarily of a crystalline mixture of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

48.Which major tissue type exhibits the shortening of its cells (i.e., contraction) as a major function? (A) Nervous; (B) Muscle; (C) Epithelial; (D) Connective.

49.Connective tissue serves to support and bind other tissues. Which of the following is NOT an example of connective tissue? (A) Bone; (B) Cartilage; (C) Neurons; (D) Fat.

50.Collagen is a tough, stretch-resistant protein. You would be most likely to find collagen in which tissue type? (A) Nervous; (B) Muscle; (C) Epithelial; (D) Connective.

51.In all animals, the largest percentage of the body's fluids are located in the: (A) intracellular compartment; (B) extracellular compartment; (C) interstitial fluid; (D) plasma.

52.If you placed a red blood cell in a solution that contains less solute than the cell, you would predict that its volume would ________ while the solute concentration in its cytoplasm would ________. (A) increase; increase; (B) increase; decrease; (C) decrease; increase; (D) decrease; decrease.

53.A cat undergoing surgery has a hemorrhage of 20 ml of blood, from a total blood volume of about 220 ml. How would you expect the cat's blood pressure to respond, assuming the hemorrhage is stopped but no other action is taken? (A) Blood pressure may increase temporarily, then normalize. (B) Blood pressure may drop temporarily, then normalize. (C) Blood pressure will increase for a few hours. (D) Blood pressure will decrease for a few hours.

54.Imagine that a mutant mouse has a defect in the distribution of norepinephrine receptors, so that all the arteries and arterioles carry the type of norepinephrine receptor normally found around the brain and heart. What would you predict for this mouse in response to hemorrhage? (A) Vessels throughout the body will stay dilated, resulting in inadequate blood flow to the brain and heart. (B) Vasoconstriction near the brain and heart will prevent enough blood from reaching those organs. (C) Blood vessels near the brain and heart will be dilated, while blood vessels elsewhere will constrict. (D) Blood vessels near the brain and heart will constrict, while blood vessels elsewhere will be dilated.

55.Birds store food in a modified portion of the lower esophagus called the (A) crop; (B) epiglottis; (C) gizzard; (D) alimentary canal.

56.In the mammalian digestive system, what is the primary site of nutrient absorption? (A) pharynx; (B) stomach; (C) small intestine; (D) large intestine.

57.In the stomach, food processing continues and secretions from stomach glands aid the initial digestion of (A) carbohydrates; (B) lipids; (C) nucleic acids; (D) proteins.

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