58.The diarrhea that is a symptom of diseases like cholera is due to problems in the function of the
(A) stomach;
(B) small intestine;
(C) large intestine;
(D) appendix.

59.Cows are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of cellulose because(A) cows are autotrophic; (B) cows can manufacture all 20 amino acids out of sugars in the liver; (C) unlike humans, the saliva the cow produces has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose; (D) cows have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in their rumens.

60.Most nutrients are absorbed across the epithelium of the (A) colon; (B) stomach; (C) small intestine; (D) large intestine.

61.How does the digestion and absorption of fat differ from that of carbohydrates? (A) Processing of fat does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does. (B) Most absorbed fat enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood. (C) Carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not. (D) Fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine.

62.Bile is crucial for ________ digestion because of its function in ________. (A) protein; protecting the stomach lining; (B) fat; solubilizing glycerol: fatty acid bonds; (C) nucleic acids; uncoiling DNA strands; (D) fat; emulsification.

63.Triglycerides are stored primarily in this type of tissue (A) nervous; (B) adipose; (C) muscular; (D) epithelial.

64.Conversion of excess amino acids into carbohydrate and fats during the absorptive state takes place in the (A) liver; (B) brain; (C) intestine; (D) kidney.

65.The phenomenon of "glucose sparing" depends most critically on (A) glycogenolysis; (B) protein synthesis; (C) lipolysis; (D) lipogenesis.

66.Which hormone increases the absorption of glucose by the body's cells? (A) insulin; (B) glucagon; (C) adrenocorticotropin; (D) leptin.

67.The energy expenditure of a mammal at rest, in the postabsorptive state, and at a standard temperature is referred to as its (A) basal metabolic rate; (B) standardized metabolic rate; (C) baseline metabolic rate; (D) activated metabolic rate.

68.Imagine you conduct a parabiosis experiment with two strains of mice, one of which lacks a functional leptin gene (ob strain) while the other lacks a functional receptor for this hormone (db strain). Which of the following outcomes would you observe? (A) no weight change in the ob mouse; (B) decreased body weight in the db mouse; (C) increased body weight in the ob mouse; (D) decreased body weight in the ob mouse.

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