6. In the malate-aspartate shuttle, electrons from NADH are transferred to _____,forming malate.

(A) oxaloacetate
(B) aspartate
(C) glutamate
(D) none of the above , forming malate.

7. The following fatty acid, in which the indicated carbon is labeled with , is fed to an animal:  After allowing 30 minutes for fatty acid ẞ oxidation, the label would most likely be recovered in: (A) acetyl-CoA (B) beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (C) both acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA (D) propionyl-CoA

8. The conversion of 1 mol of pyruvate to 3 mol of CO2 via pyruvate dehydrogenase and the citric acid cycle also yields _____mol of NADH,_____mol of FADH;, and _ mol of ATP (or GTP). (A) 2; 2; 2 (B) 3; 1; 1 (C) 3; 2; 0 (D) 4; 1; 1 mol of FADH2, and mol of ATP (or GTP).

9. In the phosphoglyceratemutase reaction, the side chain of which amino acid in the enzyme is transiently phosphorylated as part of the reaction? (A) serine (B) threonine (C) tyrosine (D) histidine

10. Fructose can enter glycolysis at two distinct points, depending on the tissue. How is fructose metabolized in adipose tissue? (A) Fructose is cleaved to two molecules of GAP. (B) Fructose is converted to fructose-1-phosphate. (C) Fructose is converted to fructose-6-phosphate. (D) Fructose is converted to glucose, which enters the pathway

11. In human, during starvation, which organ uses keton body as fuel? (A) Liver (B) Adipose tissues (C) Brain (D) Kidney

12. What cofactor is needed in formation of malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase? (A) Pantothenic acid (B) Biotin (C) Vitamin B12 (D) ATP

13. Which of the followings statement is   not   correct? (A) low doses of Aspirin reduce heart attack (B) The inhibition of Aspirin on COX enzyme is irreversible (C) Some COX-2 specific drugs were removed from the market, since they reduced prostacyclin production leading to heart attack. (D) Aspirin can help Asthma (氣喘) patients

14. The starting materials necessary to synthesize sphinogosine are (A) palmitoyl CoA and serine (B) acetyl CoA and glycine (C) palmitoyl CoA and aspartate (D) acetyl CoA and glutamine

15. Acetyl CoA is transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol for lipid synthesis by forming? (A) Malate (B) Pyruvate (C) Oxaloacetate (D) Citrate

16. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a commonly used detergent for protein extraction in proteomic researches. After trypsin digestion, which of the following materials/conditions may effectively remove SDS from the peptide mixture and make the sample more compatible with mass spectrometric analysis? (A) reverse phase resins, pH 3.0 (B) anion exchange resins, pH 8.0 (C) cation exchange resins, pH 3.0 (D) anion exchange resins, pH 3.0

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