4.請解釋何謂拓樸地圖。(5 分)

1.山麓沖積扇剖面地形（10 分）

2.都會區的形成過程（10 分）

1. 請介紹 1798 年馬爾薩斯提出的「人口論」，並畫出「人口論」模型的示意圖，最後，再解釋馬爾薩斯 「人口論」的預測沒有實現的原因為何？(10 分)

2. 素養導向評量--混合題組命題：（25 分）請閱讀以下的媒體報導，依素養導向評量的命題原則，從中取材撰寫一份混合題組題。命題條件如下：題組總分 7 分，共 3 個子題，兩題選擇題，一題非選題，需註明配分；選擇題需有 4 個選項，每題附上參考答案及試題解析，非選擇題需寫給分標準。                                            向自由進發：最危險的「走線」                                                                                   新聞編輯採訪 2022 年 12 月 28 日                                                                                                          摘自 Yahoo！新聞       為了自由，你可以犧牲什麼？你的毅力又有多大？在中國「潤」學當道中，其中有條最危險的路線。 這條路線需攀山涉水，需跋涉偷渡 8-10 個中南美國家，然後取道墨西哥，最後從邊境偷渡進入美國。 這條路被中國網民稱為「走線」，是走投無路，想「潤」但沒有門路，沒有能力取得學生簽證或工作簽 證又嚮往自由的中國人所選擇的最後方案。       俗稱「走線」的偷渡路線為中南美洲人的傳統偷渡路線，偷渡者需從厄瓜多作為起點，再途徑哥倫 比亞、巴拿馬、哥斯大黎加、尼加拉瓜、宏都拉斯、瓜地馬拉、墨西哥等地，最後再跨過美墨邊境，抵 達目的地美國。美國海關及邊境保衛局在 2022 年財政年度的數據指出，美國邊防巡警在是年共計攔截 近 240 萬名非法入境者，為歷年新高。      據親歷者分享，大多數「走線」的人因無法取得墨西哥簽證，只能輾轉飛到上文所述的中南美洲國家，然後經由當地蛇頭的帶領，坐公共汽車、徒步、穿過危機四伏的熱帶雨林和海峽急河等凶險的地貌， 更要面對腐敗的當地公權力和黑幫勢力一路上過關斬將，最後來到墨西哥，再由墨西哥尋道進入美國邊境，再申請政治庇護。     而由墨西哥到美國的路線，也是凶險處處。其中一條路線需要穿過惡名昭彰，地貌荒涼的蘇諾拉沙漠（Sonoran Desert）。這個沙漠綿延幾百公里，行經之處大部分都是人跡罕至，日間的平均氣溫高達 40 ～ 50℃。這個沙漠的水資源極其匱乏，無數的偷渡客曾因高溫中暑或缺水而死於此地。另一條許多偷 渡者所嘗試的跨界路線為試圖渡過兩國邊境上的格蘭德河（Rio Grande）抵達美國。這條看似平靜的河流底下其實暗湧流動，危機處處，不少人曾在此河中遇溺，甚至死亡。

3.根據 108 課綱中所標舉「探究與實作」的課程精神，結合本校校本課程，設計一份「探究與實作」的 18 週課程內容（已扣除段考週），並說明此課程設計理念。（25 分）

1. According to the World Health Organization, _________ any of the six most dangerous diseases to break out, it could be cause for quarantine.

1. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), a teaching methodology derived from SLA theories, has gained popularity in the recent decades. Please provide a description of TBLT, focusing on: (a) THREE major highlights of TBLT (i.e., larger picture), (各 5 分) (b) THREE features of a pedagogic task, and (各 5 分) (c) TWO disadvantages of TBLT. (各 5 分) You may list your answers and provide a brief explanation for each point. Please provide your answers in English and within 400 words. (共 40 分)

2.Vocabulary Test Design (10 分) Please design vocabulary tests with words provided. Write 5 multiple-choice vocabulary questions. Each question must include four alternatives (A) (B) (C) (D) with one of them being the best answer. Be sure to provide the correct answer and give a brief explanation. 1. accordingly 2. legendary 3. poacher 4. disparage 5. perspicacious

3. Reading Comprehension Test Design (20 分) Read the following passage and design 3 multiple-choice reading comprehension questions and 2 integrated questions. Answers to each question must be provided.Leadership is a difficult and often thankless job, and even the most well-intentioned leaders can find themselves falling short. Part of the problem is the persistence of leadership myths, which can distort our understanding of what it means to be a good leader. To succeed as a leader, it is essential to have internal certainty in who you are, where you’re going, and how you’re getting there. However, it is all too easy for new and seasoned leaders alike to internalize these myths, which can limit their performance and damage their mindset.The COVID-19 pandemic has made the demands of leadership even harder, making it more likely that people will adopt performance-limiting assumptions and damaging mindsets when they are promoted. If these unrealistic ideals go unchecked, it can create a disconnect between what people believe makes them a leader and what it truly means to be one, particularly in a post-pandemic world.To counteract these myths, leaders should focus on putting their team members front and center. By doing so, they can feel secure in the value they add to the organization and create an environment where leaders at all levels know that their credibility is not dependent on how loud their voice is or whether they hold all the answers.There are three leadership myths that need to be dispelled. The first is the belief that management and leadership are the same thing. While the words may be used interchangeably, management and leadership have different functions. Leaders determine strategic direction, while managers implement processes. The second myth is that leaders should always be optimistic. This can inadvertently shut down others, and leaders should seek to understand and show sincere interest instead. The third myth is that leaders should not be vulnerable. Showing vulnerability, fallibility, and the ability to own and learn from mistakes is essential to inspiring trust and respect among team members.In conclusion, leadership is not a one-size-fits-all approach, and there is no playbook to follow. However, by dispelling these leadership myths and putting team members front and center, leaders can create a more positive and effective work environment. Senior leadership has a responsibility to create a workplace atmosphere that fosters recognition and lets leaders at all levels know that their credibility is not dependent on how loud their voice is or whether they hold all the answers. By promoting an inclusive and collaborative approach, leaders can empower their teams to achieve greater success and foster a culture of continuous improvement. 

4. Creative Writing (20 分) Write a skit with four or more characters contrasting monolingualism, bilingualism and multilingualism. Limit your skit within 500 words. Give your skit a title, character list and setting. Conclude your skit with a famous quotation and a moral.

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