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27. 下列有關於「肺氣腫(Pulmonary emphysema)」的敘述,何者是正確的? (A) 指氣管呈現永久破壞性的擴張 (B) 盛行率與吸菸量無關 (C) 甲一型抗胰蛋白酵素缺乏症(Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency)為病因 之一 (D) 肺功能檢查不會呈現阻塞型通氣障礙

36. 下列選項,何者不屬於「先天性心臟病」的併發症? (A) 發紺 (B) 肺高壓 (C) 核黃疸 (D) 艾森門格綜合症

46. What is the primary purpose of the passage? (A)To problematize behaviorist assumptions by contrasting them with contemporary cognitive perspectives (B)To advocate for the replacement of traditional teaching methods with retrieval-based approaches (C)To synthesize key findings in cognitive science and examine their implications for instructional practice (D)To evaluate competing theories of learning and determine their relative empirical validity

47. The “testing effect” is most accurately characterized as evidence that: (A)Retrieval-induced strengthening of memory traces surpasses the benefits of repeated exposure (B)Frequent assessment enhances motivation, thereby indirectly improving retention (C)Repeated retrieval consolidates procedural knowledge more effectively than declarative knowledge (D)The act of testing functions primarily as a diagnostic rather than a learning mechanism

48. In the context of the article, excessive cognitive load is problematic because it: (A)Interferes with the allocation of attentional resources necessary for schema construction (B)Limits learners’ capacity to engage in metacognitive monitoring during task performance (C)Disrupts the integration of prior knowledge with newly presented information (D)Exceeds the processing constraints of working memory, thereby impeding learning