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四、(25 分)(1)請列出土壤透水性的主要決定因素;(2)請列舉《土壤及地下水汙染整治法》定義之 4 種「汙染行為人之行為」。

三、(26 分)國際能源署(International Energy Agency, IEA)自 1998 年起每年出版《世界能源展望》(World Energy Outlook, WEO),最新發布《2017 世界能源展望》(WEO-2017),列出四種情境(scenario),請先中譯以下內容(https://www.iea.org/publications/scenariosandprojections/) (http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/Chap1_WEO2017.pdf):New Policies Scenario of the World Energy Outlook broadly serves as the IEA baseline scenario. It takes account of broad policy commitments and plans that have been announced by countries, including national pledges to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions and plans to phase out fossil-energy subsidies, even if the measures to implement these commitments have yet to be identified or announced.Current Policies Scenario assumes no changes in policies from the mid-point of the year of publication (previously called the Reference Scenario).450 Scenario sets out an energy pathway consistent with the goal of limiting the global increase in temperature to 2°C by limiting concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to around 450 parts per million of CO₂.Sustainable Development Scenario is introduced for the first time in the WEO-2017 and takes a fundamentally different approach from those discussed above. While the Current Policies and New Policies scenarios start with certain assumptions about policies and see where they lead the energy sector, the Sustainable Development Scenario (as with the previous 450 Scenario) starts with a certain vision of where the energy sector needs to go and then works back to the present.再請回答以下問題:(1)請定義何謂「永續發展 sustainable development」;(2)請說明「溫室氣體濃度 greenhouse-gas concentration」與「氣候變遷 climate change」之關係。

二、(25 分)請 (1) 解釋下圖「廢棄物處理的分級 (Waste Hierarchy)」,(2) 說明堆肥 (composting) 理論,須包含堆肥化的最適條件並舉出實例。*As a minimum, waste should be disposed at a "controlled dump," which includes site selection, controlled access, and where practical, compaction of waste. Incineration requires a complimentary sanitary landfill, as bottom ash, non-combustibles and by-passed waste needs to be landfilled.(http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1334852610766/Chap7.pdf)

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道路交通管理處罰條例(以下簡稱道交條例)於民國 113 年 5 月 29 日 修正前之第 63 條第 1 項規定:「汽車駕駛人違反本條例規定者,除依規定處罰外,並得依對行車秩序及交通安全危害程度記違規點數一點至三 點。」此一規定於 113 年 5 月 29 日修正為:「汽車駕駛人違反本條例規定,除依規定處罰外,經當場舉發者,並得依對行車秩序及交通安全危 害程度記違規點數一點至三點。」甲駕駛自用小客車於 112 年 8 月 9 日 17 時 8 分許,行經某路段時,經派出所執勤員警乙以雷射測速儀照相採證認有「速限 60 公里,經儀器測得時速 88 公里,超速 28 公里,超過規定之最高時速逾 20 公里至 40 公里以內」之行為,於 112 年 8 月 23 日 製單逕行舉發,並移送 A 直轄市政府交通裁決處處理。A 直轄市政府交通裁決處調查後,認上開違規屬實,依道交條例第 40 條等規定,裁處甲罰鍰新臺幣 1,800 元,並記違規點數 1 點。問:甲對該罰鍰與記點之裁處書不服,得如何尋求救濟?又該裁處書是否合法?請說明之。

描述:根據《道路交通管理處罰條例》的規定,甲若對 罰鍰與記點裁處書 不服,可以透過 行政救濟程序 來尋求救濟。...

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