1. To determine the isoelectric point of a protein, first establish that a gel:
(A) contains a denaturing detergent that can distribute uniform negative charges over the protein’s surface.
(B) exhibits a stable pH gradient when ampholytes become distributed in an electric field.
(C) is washed with an antibody specific to the protein of interest.
(D) neutralizes all ionic groups on a protein by titrating them with strong bases.
(E) relates the unknown protein to a series of protein markers with known molecular weights.

24. To determine the isoelectric point of a protein, first establish that a gel: (A) contains a denaturing detergent that can distribute uniform negative charges over the protein's surface. (B) exhibits a stable pH gradient when ampholytes become distributed in an electric field. (C) is washed with an antibody specific to the protein of interest. (D) neutralizes all ionic groups on a protein by titrating them with strong bases. (E) relates the unknown protein to a series of protein markers with known molecular weights, Mr.

2. Thr and/or Leu residues tend to disrupt an  helix when they occur next to each other in a protein because: (A) an amino acid like Thr is highly hydrophobic. (B) covalent interactions may occur between the Thr side chains. (C) electrostatic repulsion occurs between the Thr side chains. (D) steric hindrance occurs between the bulky Thr side chains. (E) the R group of Thr can form a hydrogen bond.

3. Protein S will fold into its native conformation only when protein Q is also present in the solution. However, protein Q can fold into its native conformation without protein S. Protein Q, therefore, may function as a ____________ for protein S. (A) Ligand (B) molecular chaperone (C) protein precursor (D) structural motif (E) supersecondary structural unit

4. An allosteric interaction between a ligand and a protein is one in which: (A) binding of a molecule to a binding site affects binding of additional molecules to the same site. (B) binding of a molecule to a binding site affects binding properties of another site on the protein. (C) binding of the ligand to the protein is covalent. (D) multiple molecules of the same ligand can bind to the same binding site. (E) two different ligands can bind to the same binding site.

5. The benefit of measuring the initial rate of a reaction V0 is that at the beginning of a reaction: (A) [ES] can be measured accurately. (B) varying [S] has no effect on V0. (C) changes in Km are negligible, so Km can be treated as a constant. (D) V0 = Vmax. (E) changes in [S] are negligible, so [S] can be treated as a constant.

6. In a plot of l/V against 1/[S] for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the presence of a competitive inhibitor will alter the: (A) intercept on the l/[S] axis. (B) Vmax. (C) intercept on the l/V axis. (D) pK of the plot. (E) curvature of the plot.

7. Which of the following monosaccharides is not an aldose? (A) erythrose (B) fructose (C) glucose (D) glyceraldehyde (E) ribose

8. Which of the following is a palindromic sequence? (A) AGGTCC (B) CCTTCC (C) GAATCC (D) GTATCC (E) GGATCC TCCAGG GCAAGG CTTAGG CATAGG CCTAGG

9. In the laboratory, recombinant plasmids are commonly introduced into bacterial cells by: (A) electrophoresis – a gentle low-voltage gradient draws the DNA into the cell. (B) infection with a bacteriophage that carries the plasmid. (C) microinjection. (D) mixing plasmids with an extract of broken cells. (E) transformation – heat shock of the cells incubated with plasmid DNA in the presence of CaCl2.

10. The PCR reaction mixture does not include: (A) all four deoxynucleoside triphosphates. (B) DNA containing the sequence to be amplified. (C) DNA ligase. (D) heat-stable DNA polymerase. (E) oligonucleotide primer(s).

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