11. Classically, the concept of "tunneling" is impossible. Why?
(A) The total energy of a particle is equal to the kinetic and potential energies.
(B) The velocity of the particle would be negative.
(C) The kinetic energy of the particle would be negative.
(D) The kinetic energy must be equal to the potential energy.
(E) The total energy for the particle would be negative.

12. The ground state energy of a harmonic oscillator is (A) E = ℏω (B) E = ℏω/4 (C) E = (2/3)ℏω (D) E = 0 (E) E = ℏω/2

13. Rutherford's experiment, in which he fired alpha particles of 7.7-MeV kinetic energy at a thin gold foil, showed that nuclei were very much smaller than the size of an atom because (A) some alpha particles passed through the foil undeflected. (B) some alpha particles were deflected backwards. (C) some alpha particles were captured by the gold nuclei. (D) the alpha particles could not get closer than 10⁻¹⁰ m to the gold nuclei. (E) the alpha particles split into deuterium nuclei when they encountered the gold nuclei.

14. An electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition from the n = 4 to the n = 3 energy state. Determine the energy (in eV) of the emitted photon. (A) 0.54 (B) 1.51 (C) 0.85 (D) 0.66 (E) 10.2

15. How fast is the electron moving in the first Bohr orbit? (A) 3.3 × 10⁶ m/s (B) 5.5 × 10¹⁵ m/s (C) 4.4 × 10⁶ m/s (D) 5.5 × 10⁶ m/s (E) 2.2 × 10⁶ m/s

16. Zeke says that the magnitude of the orbital angular momentum in the hydrogen atom has the value L = ℓℏ. Ruth says that the maximum magnitude of the projection of the angular momentum along the direction of a constant magnetic field vector is . Which one, if either, is correct, and why? (A) Ruth, because the maximum value of L is (B) Ruth, because the orbital angular momentum always lines up with a magnetic field so that has its maximum value along the field. (C) Zeke, because the maximum magnitude of L is = ℓℏ. (D) Zeke, because the orbital angular momentum always lines up with a magnetic field so that has its maximum value along the field. (E) Neither, because they have interchanged the maximum magnitude of , and ℓℏ, its maximum projection along a magnetic field direction.

17. The Pauli exclusion principle states (A) when an atom has orbitals of equal energy, the maximum number of electrons will have unpaired spins. (B) there is an inherent uncertainty in the position and momentum of a particle. (C) no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. (D) when an atom has orbitals of equal energy, the maximum number of electrons will be paired spins. (E) no two atoms can have the same set of quantum numbers.

18. As a spaceship heads directly to Earth at a velocity of 0.8c, it sends a radio signal to Earth. When those radio waves arrive on Earth, their velocity relative to Earth is (A) c (B) 0.8c (C) 1.8c (D), where vE is the velocity of the Earth (E), where v_E is the velocity of the Earth

19. The speed of FM waves will be observed to be c = 2.9979 × 10⁸ m/s when the antenna emitting the waves is (A) at rest relative to the receiving antenna. (B) moving to the right of the detecting antenna at 0.5c. (C) moving to the left of the detecting antenna at 0.5c. (D) moving at 2.9979 × 10⁸ m/s. (E) moving as described in (a), (b) or (c) above.

20. The half-life of a muon is 2.20 μs as measured in a stationary reference frame. What is the half-life of the muon (in μs) when it is moving with a speed of v = 0.800c? (A) 8.13 (B) 3.67 (C) 2.75 (D) 15.8 (E) 1.32

1. Which statement about sound waves in the air is incorrect? (A) Sound waves can not travel through the vacuum space. (B) Louder sound travels faster than softer sound. (C) Sound waves can undergo interference. (D) The speed of sound depends on temperature. (E) The molecular displacements in the medium are parallel to the wave velocity.

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