3. Gene transfer from parent to child is called:
(A) Horizontal transmission
(B) Vertical transmission
(C) Transformation
(D) Transduction

4. Which of the followings uses RNA as its genetic material? (A) Poliovirus (B) Hepatitis B virus (C) Poxvirus (D) Herpesvirus

5. Which of the followings is a poor target for antiviral drugs? (A) Virion assembly (B) Protein synthesis (C) Uncoating of the virus (D) Viral attachment

6. Which of the following characteristics is not the current mean of classification for viruses? (A) Morphology (B) Type of genome (C) Means of replication (D) Diseases

7. Which of the followings is the hypervariable region in a typical antibody molecule? (A) (B) (C) (D) hinge

8. In order to examine the size of plasmid DNA fragments, the most proper gel material is (A) agarose (B) nitrocellulose (C) polyacrylamide (D) starch

9. Which of the following descriptions is correct for RNA polymerase II? (A) use DNA as template. (B) is one of reverse transcriptases. (C) still has enzyme activity at 90 °C. (D) uses RNA as template.

10. Genetic variation can be introduced into bacteria through all of the following processes except: (A) Transduction (B) DNA amplification (C) Transformation (D) Mutation

11. Which of the following proteins/complexes    NOT    a requirement for protein synthesis? (A) Spliceosome (B) Ribisomes (C) Peptidyl transferase (D) Amino acyl-tRNA synthetase

12. The estrogen receptor regulates gene expression through its binding to DNA only as it is recruited into a complex with estradiol. Therefore, the estrogen receptor is considered to be: (A) An alternative sigma factor (B) A specific transcription factor (C) A general transcription factor (D) An enhancer sequence

13. Which of the following descriptions of CRISPR-Cas system is    INCORRECT   ? (A) CRIPSR is like an immune system in the bacteria to invade pathogen infections (B) It is applied potentially to edit germline cells for gene therapy (C) Cas9 targets a specific DNA sequence to make a cut across both strands of the DNA via a IncRNA (D) Off-target is the biggest issue that should be considered as CRISPR is used in gene therapy

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