6. Which of the following characteristics is not the current mean of classification for viruses?
(A) Morphology
(B) Type of genome
(C) Means of replication
(D) Diseases

7. Which of the followings is the hypervariable region in a typical antibody molecule? (A) (B) (C) (D) hinge

8. In order to examine the size of plasmid DNA fragments, the most proper gel material is (A) agarose (B) nitrocellulose (C) polyacrylamide (D) starch

9. Which of the following descriptions is correct for RNA polymerase II? (A) use DNA as template. (B) is one of reverse transcriptases. (C) still has enzyme activity at 90 °C. (D) uses RNA as template.

10. Genetic variation can be introduced into bacteria through all of the following processes except: (A) Transduction (B) DNA amplification (C) Transformation (D) Mutation

11. Which of the following proteins/complexes    NOT    a requirement for protein synthesis? (A) Spliceosome (B) Ribisomes (C) Peptidyl transferase (D) Amino acyl-tRNA synthetase

12. The estrogen receptor regulates gene expression through its binding to DNA only as it is recruited into a complex with estradiol. Therefore, the estrogen receptor is considered to be: (A) An alternative sigma factor (B) A specific transcription factor (C) A general transcription factor (D) An enhancer sequence

13. Which of the following descriptions of CRISPR-Cas system is    INCORRECT   ? (A) CRIPSR is like an immune system in the bacteria to invade pathogen infections (B) It is applied potentially to edit germline cells for gene therapy (C) Cas9 targets a specific DNA sequence to make a cut across both strands of the DNA via a IncRNA (D) Off-target is the biggest issue that should be considered as CRISPR is used in gene therapy

14. Which of the following statements is   NOT   true regarding the Kozak sequence? (A) It is a sequence which occurs on eukaryotic mRNA (B) It plays a major role in the initiation of the transcription process (C) It plays a major role in the initiation of the translation process (D) The sequence is recognized by the ribosomes

15. Which of the following statements is   True   regarding Cas9? (A) It was first found in virus (B) It was first found in parasite (C) It is a RNA endonuclease (D) It is a DNA endonuclease

16. Which of the following statements is   True   regarding the stacking gel used in SDS-PAGE? (A) It has a high pH relative to that of the resolving gel (B) It is usually located at the bottom of the resolving gel (C) It has a lower polyacrylamide concentration than that of the resolving gel (D) Its pH value is normally pH8.8.

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