33. To what outcome does the author directly connect the decline of real-world relationships?
(A) High costs of smartphones and data plans.
(B) Lack of parental and teacher supervision.
(C) Epidemic of loneliness and depression among youth.
(D) Dopamine-related changes in adolescent brain chemistry.

34. According to the passage, why is the age range of 10 to 12 particularly significant? (A) Children become more sensitive to peer pressure. (B) Brain sensitivity to physical rewards increases. (C) Most children begin formal schooling at this age. (D) Dopamine production naturally decreases.

35. Which of the following best describes the author's overall tone? (A) Optimistic and hopeful. (B) Neutral and detached. (C) Lighthearted and humorous. (D) Concerned and critical. 

36. Scenario: A student forgot to bring the book which she had promised to return to her instructor. Dr. Yao: Lydia, I hope you brought the book that I lent you a month ago. Student: ________ I'll bring it next week. Dr. Yao: OK, but please remember it next week. (A) Sure. Thank you for the information. (B) How about a few more days?(C) Would you mind waiting a little longer? (D) I'm really sorry. I left it at home.

37. Scenario: A marketing manager is chairing a brainstorming meeting about promoting a new product. Manager: Jim, do you have any ideas? Jim: ________ Manager: Thanks Jim – interesting point. Mindy, what do you think? (A) Definitely. I'd love to. (B) I doubt if magazine ads would work.(C) Perhaps we could use social media.  (D) Could you repeat the question?

38. Scenario: A student forgot to bring the specific safety goggles required for the chemistry experiment. Professor: Please make sure you're wearing your safety goggles at all times. Harry: Excuse me, Professor, I don't have my goggles today. ________ Professor: You can use a spare set from the drawer, but remember to sanitize them afterward. (A) What should we do next?(B) I was wondering if I could borrow a pair (C) Would you like to lend me a pair? . (D) Maybe we can find spare ones somewhere.

39. Scenario: A man is inviting his colleague to attend the company retreat with him. Geo: Nick and I are going to the retreat next month. Care to join us? Han: ________ But I've already got plans with my family. Geo: No worries. Maybe next time. (A) My apology for the inconvenience. (B) We should do that more often.(C) You could say that again. (D) Nice of you to ask.

40. Scenario: Two students are engaging in a class discussion about tourist tax. Judy: I think all landmarks should be free so that everyone has equal access to culture. Cindy: ________ Entrance fees are often necessary to cover the high costs of maintenance and security. Judy: That's a fair point. Maybe there could be a discount for students and locals? (A) I'm not sure I agree.(B) I tend to agree. (C) I don't understand. (D) I can see where you got the idea. 

41. Social isolation, especially in older adults,      can lead to a number of physical and mental disorders.      (A) which impacts both physical and mental health (B) may result in some physical and mental problems (C) seems to stem from many physical and mental health issues (D) is the reason why physical and mental problems

42. Dopamine economy describes a system      where neuro-marketing tactics deliberately trigger dopamine release to encourage impulse buying.       (A) in which marketing exploits human brain's reward system, using dopamine release to drive instant gratification (B) that forces marketing to target weak-minded consumers who are easily influenced to make unplanned purchases (C) using mindful marketing strategies to stop people from thinking clearly before making buying decisions (D) to show how ignorant consumers can be when they buy what they want rather than what they need

43. Depending fundamentally on other species for survival,       humanity is directly threatened by the loss of biodiversity.      (A) biodiversity loss threatens the continued existence of humanity (B) which makes biodiversity loss a direct threat to humanity (C) we face a direct threat from biodiversity loss (D) humanity threatened and biodiversity loss is the cause

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