11. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) Why percentage-based grading should be completely removed from all schools.
(B) How standards-based grading and carefully designed retakes can better support student learning.
(C) Why students should be allowed to retake every test until they receive a high score.
(D) How language teachers can use family-description tasks to assess speaking ability.

12. According to the passage, what should students do before taking a retake? (A) Memorize the correct answers from the first assessment. (B) Ask their parents to explain why they need a higher grade. (C) Review the content through extra practice or teacher support. (D) Complete a different learning target before returning to the original one.

13. What is the author's attitude toward assessment retakes? (A) Supportive, but only when retakes are carefully designed. (B) Doubtful, because retakes usually lower students' responsibility. (C) Critical, because retakes mainly help students memorize answers. (D) Neutral, because the passage only explains grading systems historically.

14. How does the article suggest professional development should approach AI? (A) It should focus entirely on the technical skills needed to operate new software. (B) It should discourage teachers from using AI in subjects that require critical thinking. (C) It should emphasize critical evaluation, focusing on the reasons and timing for using AI tools. (D) It should be done individually so teachers do not influence each other's opinions.

15. In the first paragraph, the author states that many teachers are experimenting with AI tools "on their own initiative." What does this phrase imply? (A) They are being forced by school administrators to use AI in their daily lessons. (B) They are exploring AI independently and voluntarily, without waiting for official instruction. (C) They are using AI exclusively for their personal projects outside of school hours. (D) They have coded and invented their own AI software to use in the classroom.

16. In the third paragraph, the author mentions that "clear, shared policies... can also reduce anxiety." What is the most likely cause of this anxiety among teachers? (A) The fear of individual risk and facing the ethical challenges of AI alone. (B) The pressure from students who want to use AI to complete all their homework. (C) The physical danger posed by new technology in the classroom environment. (D) The lack of time to teach their actual subjects because AI takes too long to learn.

17. What is the main purpose of the article? (A) To warn readers about the dangers of genetic engineering (B) To criticize current cancer treatments (C) To report new research findings about pancreatic cancer treatment (D) To explain how to prevent pancreatic cancer

18. According to the article, what happened after researchers removed the MAP4K2 gene? (A) Tumors observably disappeared in all mice (B) Regulatory T cells increased inside tumors (C) Anti-PD-1 therapy stopped working (D) Cytotoxic T cells became more active against tumors

19. Which statement is most likely true based on the article? (A) Pancreatic cancer only affects older adults. (B) Scientists believe MAP4K2 may help improve future cancer treatments. (C) Anti-PD-1 therapy may be harmful to the immune system. (D) The new treatment is already widely available in hospitals.

20. What is the main idea of this passage? (A) New excavation evidence shows Neanderthals used advanced food-processing techniques much earlier than previously known. (B) Neanderthals were more violent hunters than modern humans. (C) Scientists discovered a new species of animal at the Neumark-Nord site. (D) Neanderthals built permanent settlements near lakes in ancient Europe.

21. Based on the article, what can be inferred about the level of cognitive ability possessed by the Neanderthals at Neumark-Nord? (A) They had limited cognitive abilities and relied on instinct rather than planning. (B) They could perform only simple, repetitive food-gathering tasks. (C) They demonstrated strategic thinking, environmental awareness, and forward planning. (D) They were intellectually inferior to modern humans in all measurable ways.

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