7. The equation of motion of a driven oscillator is written as

where m is the mass of the oscillator, kx is the restoring force, F is the amplitude of the driven force, and ω is the angular frequency of the driven force. In what condition the oscillation becomes out of phase?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

8. The wave function of a transverse string wave is written as y(x, t) = y₀ sin(kx - ωt) where y₀, k, and ω are amplitude, wave number, and angular frequency, respectively. Consider the cycle-averaged power P transmitted by the wave. What is the correct relation between P and y₀? (A) P ∝ 1/y₀² (B) P ∝ 1/y₀ (C) P ∝ y₀⁰ (D) P ∝ y₀¹ (E) P ∝ y₀²

9. The pressure(P)-volume(V) diagram of a thermodynamic cycle is shown in the right figure (solid line). What area in the P-V diagram represents the work done by the system in each cycle?  (A) α (B) β (C) γ (D) α + β (E) β + γ

10. What is the microscopic interpretation of the temperature of an ideal gas? (A) average potential energy of the gas particles (B) average kinetic energy of the gas particles (C) average momentum of the gas particles (D) average angular momentum of the gas particles (E) average mass of the gas particles

11. A charge q sits at the back corner of a cube, as shown in the right figure. The length of the edge of the cube is L. The permittivity constant is ε₀. What is the flux of electric field through the shaded surface of the figure? (A) (B)(C)(D)(E)

12. Which one of the following formulas is not the unit of electric field? (A) (B)(C)(D) (E)

13. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is written as E(x, y, z, t) = E₀ cos(ky - ωt) eₓ, where E₀ is the amplitude, eₓ is the unit vector of z-axis, k is the wave number, and ω is the angular frequency. What is the magnetic field of this wave? (A) B(x, y, z, t) = (E₀/c) cos(ky - ωt) eₓ (B) B(x, y, z, t) = -c E₀ cos(ky - ωt) eₓ (C) B(x, y, z, t) = -(E₀/c) cos(ky - ωt) eᵧ (D) B(x, y, z, t) = (E₀/c) cos(kz - ωt) eₓ (E) B(x, y, z, t) = c E₀ cos(kx - ωt) eᵧ

14. Consider electric capacitors made by parallel metallic plates. Which one of the following configurations stores maximum energy in the capacitors? Assume all metallic plates are identical, and the gray areas represent dielectric media. (A) (B)(C) (D) (E)

15. There is a current I passing through an inductor with inductance L. How much energy is stored in the inductor? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E)

16. Consider two observers A and B sit on two trains Tₐ and TB, respectively. These two trains have the same proper length. If Tₐ stays in a station and TB moves with a velocity v with respect to the station. When they overlap in the station, which one of the following statements is correct? (A) The observer A finds that Tₐ is shorter than TB, but the observer B finds that TB is shorter than Tₐ. (B) The observer A finds that TB is shorter than Tₐ, but the observer B finds that Tₐ is shorter than TB. (C) Both A and B find that Tₐ is shorter than TB. (D) Both A and B find that TB is shorter than Tₐ. (E) Both A and B find that TB and Tₐ have the same length.

17. Consider the nuclear activity. Which one of the following elements is the most unstable one? (A) He² (B) Na¹¹ (C) Xe⁵⁴ (D) Pb⁸² (E) Ra⁸⁸

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