9. The pressure of an ideal gas becomes three times of its initial pressure during an adiabatic process. What is the ratio of its final volume to its initial volume? γ is the ratio of the constant-pressure specific heat to the constant-volume specific heat of this.
(A) 1/3
(B) 3^-γ
(C) 3^γ
(D) 3^-1/γ
(E)  3^1/γ

10. An ideal gas is slowly compressed to one-half its original volume with no change in pressure. If the original root-mean-square speed of the gas molecules was v, the new speed after the compression is (A) v (B) 2v (C) v (D) v/2 (E) v/

11. When n moles of a monatomic ideal gas doubles its volume at constant temperature, how much does its entropy change? R is the universal gas constant. (A) nRln2 (B) nR (C) nR (D) 2nR (E) nR

12. A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 500 K and 300 K. When it discharges 150 J to the lower-temperature reservoir, how much is the work done? (A) 50 J (B) 100 J (C) 150 J (D) 200 J (E) 250 J

13. When an ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic free expansion, what remains unchanged during the process? (A) volume (B) temperature (C) pressure (D) entropy (E) density

14. Consider a large open tank with a small hole at its bottom. The tank is filled with water to a height of 1.25 m. What is the speed at which the water exits the tank through the hole? The acceleration of gravity is 10 m/s². (A) 1.25 m/s (B) 3.53 m/s (C) 5 m/s (D) 12.5 m/s (E) 25 m/s

15. An electric dipole with a dipole moment p is within a uniform electric field E. If the electric dipole is at an angle of 60° to the electric field, what is the external work needed to rotate the electric dipole to be perpendicular to the electric field? (A) pE (B) -pE (C)pE(D) -pE (E) (1-)pE

16. Consider a system consisting of a conducting sphere and a conducting spherical shell that are concentric. The radius of the sphere is a； the radii of the inner and outer surfaces of the shell are 2a and 3a, respectively, as shown in the figure. If the sphere carries a net charge of -Q and the shell carries a net charge of +2Q, what is the electric potential at a distance of a/2 from the center when the system is in electrostatic equilibrium? Assume that the zero of potential is at infinity. k is the Coulomb's constant. (A) -kQ/a (B) -2kQ/a (C) 2kQ/a (D) kQ/3a (E) -kQ/6a

17. The main reason for the generation of paramagnetism in materials is: (A) There is an effect of exchange coupling between electrons. (B) The magnetic dipoles of electrons tend to align with the applied magnetic field. (C) There are forces between the magnetic dipoles of electrons. (D) There are torques between the magnetic dipoles of electrons. (E) None of the above.

18. Consider the circuit in the figure, in which V = 30 V, R₁ = 10 Ω, R₂ = 15 Ω, R₃ = 30 Ω, and L = 20 mH. The switch is initially open. If the switch is closed for a long time and reopened, what is the voltage across R₂ when the switch is reopened?  (A) 7.5 V (B) 15 V (C) 22.5 V (D) 30 V (E) 45 V

19. Monochromatic light is normally incident on a diffraction grating that has 10000 slits and is 1 cm wide. If the second-order line is deviated at 30 degrees, what is the wavelength of the incident light? (A) 250 nm (B) 433 nm (C) 500 nm (D) 866 nm (E) 1000 nm

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