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16. 庫欣氏症候群(Cushing syndrome)可為下列何者分泌過多造成? (A) 甲狀腺刺激素(Thyroid stimulating hormone) (B) 濾泡刺激素(Follicular stimulating hormone) (C) 腎上腺刺激素(Adrenal cortical stimulating hormone) (D) 生長激素(Growth hormone)

48. 機器學習中的「強化學習(Reinforcement Learning)」強調Agent透過與環境互動獲得的獎勵或懲罰(Reward/Penalty)來修正行為策 略,以追求長期利益最大化。這種「後果決定行為頻率」的運算邏輯,最符合下列哪一項心理學機制? (A)Pavlov的信號替代:強調刺激與刺激間的預測關係 (B)Thorndike的效果律:強調反應後的滿意效果能加強刺激與反應間聯結 (C)Tolman的潛在學習:強調在無顯著強化下建立的認知地圖 (D)Bandura的替代強化:強調觀察他人行為結果後的模仿意願

49. 孔老師在編製課程時,考量學校與學生所處社區的在地脈絡與城鄉差異,這較屬於何種教育學理的課程思維? (A)教育人類學的多元文化 (B)教育行政學的政策組織 (C)教育哲學的批判與美學 (D)教育心理學的情意態度

50. 在我國人權教育議題核心素養中,核心素養包括「能從自我探索與精進中,不僅建立對自我之尊重,更能推己及人,建立對他人、對 人性尊嚴之普遍性尊重。」這項核心素養和下列哪項核心素養之項目相對應? (A)系統思考與解決問題 (B)道德實踐與公民意識 (C)身心素質與自我精進 (D)符號運用與溝通表達

48. During a speaking activity, a junior high student becomes visibly frustrated and shuts down after making a pronunciation error that causes peers to chuckle. A teacher utilizing Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) principles would use this moment primarily to ______. (A) force the embarrassed student to repeat the word correctly to demonstrate resilience (B) instruct the student to go to the hallway so the rest of the class can finish the lesson without interruption (C) validate the student’s frustration and lead a classroom discussion on empathy and supportive peer communication (D) ignore the incident entirely to avoid drawing further embarrassment to the student and moving quickly to the next .. student

49. Why is the integration of “multimodal teaching” critical for learners in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom? (A) It provides varied contextual scaffolds that lower cognitive loads and so help language learners. (B) It ensures students spend the majority of classroom time interacting with electronic devices. (C) It allows teachers to use digital media and reduce the amount of required lesson planning time. (D) It follows the strict “learning styles” theory so visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners are taught completely .. separately.